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Flashcards

musles

Shylla T English 200 cards

Cards in this deck (200)

  1. 1Gluteal gait or gluteus medius limp:Can be due to muscular atrophy, damage to the superior gluteal nerve, poliomyelitis, etc.
  2. 2Trendelenburg's TestIf there is a clinical problem the pelvis will dip to the unaffected side which may be positive for:
    • Hip joint dislocation.
    • Abnormal angle of inclination.
    • Pelvic stabilizers (hip abductors) affected
  3. 3Piriformis originPelvic surface of the sacrum.
  4. 4CourseThrough the greater sciatic foramen.
  5. 5insertionSuperior border of the greater trochanter.
  6. 6actionLaterally rotates an extended thigh.
    Abducts a flexed thigh.
  7. 7Anatomical note: The piriformis is an important reference point for muscles, vessels, and nerves in the gluteal region..
  8. 8Obturator internusInternal surface of the obturator membrane.
  9. 9courseThrough the lesser sciatic foramen.
  10. 10insertionMedial surface of the greater trochanter along with the gemelli.
  11. 11actionLaterally rotates an extended thigh.
    Abducts a flexed thigh.
  12. 12Gemellus superior: – Origin:Superior margin of lesser sciatic notch and ischial spine.
  13. 13insertBlends with tendon of obturator internus to insert on the medial surface of the greater trochanter.
  14. 14actionLaterally rotates an extended thigh.
    Abducts a flexed thigh.
  15. 15Gemellus inferior: – Origin:Inferior margin of lesser sciatic notch and ischial tuberosity
  16. 16insertBlends with tendon of obturator internus to insert on the medial surface of the greater trochanter.
  17. 17actionLaterally rotates an extended thigh.
    Abducts a flexed thigh.
  18. 18Anatomical note: The piriformis, obturator internus, obturator externus and gemelli muscles stabilize the hip by holding the head of the femur in the acetabulum..
  19. 19Quadratus femoris: – OriginLateral border of ischial tuberosity.
  20. 20insertQuadrate tubercle.
  21. 21courseLaterally over the tendon of obturator externus and the division of the medial femoral circumflex artery into ascending and transverse branches.
  22. 22actionLaterally rotates the thigh.
  23. 23Iliopsoas: – Origin:liacus:
    – Iliac fossa.
    • Psoas major:
    – Transverse processes, and
    bodies, of the twelfth thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae.
    – The intervertebral discs between the twelfth thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae.
  24. 24courseThe two muscles course beneath the inguinal ligament (muscular compartment) and fuse distal to the inguinal ligament to form a single tendon.
  25. 25insertLesser trochanter
  26. 26actionMajor flexor of the thigh.
    Flexes the vertebral column (raises trunk from the recumbent posture).
  27. 27FEMORAL TRIANGLETriangular area on the anterior aspect of the thigh with the base superior and apex inferior.
  28. 28BoundariesLaterally:
    • Medial border of the sartorius. –
    Medially:
    • Medial border of the adductor longus.
    Superiorly:
    • Inguinal ligament.
  29. 29FloorIliacus, psoas major, pectineus, and adductor longus (occasionally adductor brevis).
  30. 30Contents:Femoral artery and vein.
    Profunda femoral artery and vein and their branches.
    Termination of the great saphenous vein.
    Femoral nerve and its branches.
    Femoral sheath.
    Deep inguinal lymph nodes.
    Fatty tissue.
  31. 31ADDUCTOR CANALAlso known as Hunter’s Canal or subsartorial tunnel.
    Aponeurotic tunnel in the middle one-third of the thigh.
  32. 32courseExtends from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus (osseoaponeurotic opening in the adductor magnus muscle).
    The sartorius muscle lies over the canal.
  33. 33contents– Femoral artery.
    – Femoral vein.
    – Saphenous nerve.
    – Nerve to vastus medialis.
  34. 34FasciaSuperficial fascia
    Deep fascia or fascia lata
  35. 35course of layersskin
    fascia
    muscle
  36. 36Superficial fasciaGenerally thicker in the gluteal region.
    In the inguinal and upper thigh regions it is divided into a superficial fatty and a deep membranous layer.
  37. 37Deep fascia or fascia lata:Encloses the muscles of the thigh and gluteal regions
  38. 38Medially and superiorlyForms the saphenous opening.
  39. 39LaterallyForms the iliotibial tract (iliotibial band) which attaches to Gerdy’s tubercle.
  40. 40Laterally and superiorly:Tensor fascia lata.
  41. 41Posteriorly:Encloses the gluteus maximus
    muscle.
    Forms medial and lateral intermuscular septa in the thigh.
    Forms the popliteal fascia of the popliteal fossa.
  42. 42Tensor fascia lata: – OriginGluteal surface of the anterior superior iliac spine.
    Deep surface of the fascia lata.
  43. 43Insertion:Deep surface of
    the iliotibial tract
  44. 44actionStabilizes the hip joint.
  45. 45Note: Iliotibial band syndrome is pain at the lateral aspect of the knee due to the iliotibial tract rubbing on the lateral condyle of the tibia..
  46. 46Sartorius (Tailor’s muscle) originAnterior superior
    iliac spine.
  47. 47coursePosterior to the medial condyles of the femur and tibia.
  48. 48insertionPes anserinus
  49. 49actionFlexes and laterally rotates the thigh.
    Flexes and medially rotates the leg.
  50. 50Quadriceps femoris musclesRectus femoris
    Vastus lateralis
    Vastus intermedius
    Vastus medialis
  51. 51Rectus femoris originStraight or anterior head:
    » Anterior inferior iliac spine.
    Reflected or posterior head:
    » Acetabular brim on the body of the ilium.
  52. 52courseTwo heads unite
  53. 53insertionBase of the patella, blends with the quadriceps tendon, then inserts into the tibial tuberosity via the ligamentum patella.
  54. 54actionFlexes the thigh and extends the leg.
  55. 55Vastus lateralis: • Origin:Lateral lip of the linea aspera, lateral lip of the gluteal tuberosity, inferior and anterior borders of the greater trochanter, tubercle of the femur, upper portion of the intertrochanteric line.
  56. 56insertLateral border of the patella, blends with the quadriceps tendon, then inserts into the tibial tuberosity via the ligamentum patella.
    Forms the lateral patellar retinacula which inserts into Gerdy’s tubercle.
  57. 57actionExtends the leg and pulls the patella laterally.
  58. 58Vastus intermedius: • OriginAnterior and lateral surfaces of the shaft of the femur.
  59. 59insertBase of the patella, blends with the quadriceps tendon, then inserts into the tibial tuberosity via the ligamentum patella.
  60. 60actionExtends the leg.
  61. 61Vastus medialis: • Origin:Lower portion of the intertrochanteric line, spiral line, medial lip of the linea aspera, upper part of the medial supracondylar line.
  62. 62insertionMedial border of the patella, blends with the quadriceps tendon, then inserts into the tibial tuberosity via the ligamentum patella.
    – Forms the medial patellar retinacula which inserts into tubercle on the anterior aspect of the medial condyle of the tibia.
  63. 63actionExtends the leg and pulls the patella medially.
  64. 64Note: There is a muscular balance between vastus medialis and vastus lateralis..
  65. 65Articularis genu: – OriginDistal aspect of the anterior surface of the shaft of the femur
  66. 66CourseDeep to the quadriceps
    tendon
  67. 67insertCapsule and synovial membrane of the knee joint.
  68. 68actionRetracts the capsule and synovial membrane of the knee joint during extension
  69. 69Pectineus: – OriginPectineal surface of the medial portion of the superior ramus of the pubis.
  70. 70insertPectineal line of the femur.
  71. 71actionAdducts and flexes the thigh.
  72. 72Gracilis: – OriginAnterior surface of the body and inferior ramus of the pubis.
  73. 73coursePosterior to the medial condyles of the femur and tibia.
  74. 74insertPes anserinus
  75. 75actionadducts the thigh
    Flexes and medially rotates the leg
  76. 76Adductor longus: – Origin:Anterior surface of the body of the pubis.
  77. 77insertMedial lip of linea aspera
  78. 78actionAdducts and flexes the thigh.
  79. 79Adductor brevis: – OriginAnterior surface of the inferior ramus of the pubis.
  80. 80insertPectineal line of the femur, and middle lip of the linea aspera.
  81. 81actionAdducts and flexes the thigh
  82. 82Note: The adductor brevis separates the anterior and posterior branches of the obturator nerve.
  83. 83Adductor magnus: – Origin:Horizontal fibers (adductor minimus):
    – Anterior surface of the inferior ramus of the pubis.
    Oblique fibers:
    – Anterior surface of the
    ramus of the ischium.
    Vertical fibers:
    – Ischial tuberosity.
  84. 84insertHorizontal fibers:
    – Medial lip of the gluteal
    tuberosity.
    Oblique fibers:
    – Middle lip of linea aspera and upper portion of medial supracondylar line.
    Vertical fibers:
    – Lower portion of medial supracondylar line and adductor tubercle.
  85. 85actionAdducts the thigh.
    Aids gluteus maximus in extension of the thigh.
  86. 86Clinical note: A pulled groin usually involves the adductor longus or a portion of adductor magnus..
  87. 87Obturator externus: – Origin:External surface of the obturator membrane.
  88. 88courseLaterally deep to quadratus femoris.
  89. 89insertTrochanteric or digital fossa of the femur
  90. 90actionLaterally rotates the thigh
  91. 91Biceps femoris: – Origin:Long head:
    – Ischial tuberosity.
    Short head:
    – Lateral lip of linea aspera, and upper portion of lateral supracondylar line.
  92. 92courseLong head courses over the sciatic nerve and unites with the short head.
    Tendon forms the superolateral border of the popliteal fossa, and courses posterior to the lateral condyles of the femur and tibia.
  93. 93insertLateral aspect of the lateral condyle of the tibia, and head of the fibula.
  94. 94actionExtends the thigh.
    Flexes and laterally rotates the leg.
  95. 95Semitendinosus: – OriginIschial tuberosity.
  96. 96courseTendon forms part of the
    superomedial border of the popliteal fossa, and courses posterior to the medial condyles of the femur and tibia.
  97. 97insertPes anserinus.
  98. 98actionExtends the thigh.
    Flexes and medially rotates the leg.
  99. 99Semimembranosus originIschial tuberosity
  100. 100courseTendon forms part of the superomedial border of the popliteal fossa, and courses posterior to the medial condyles of the femur and tibia.
  101. 101insertGroove on the posterior aspect of the medial condyle of the tibia.
    Some fibers give rise to the oblique popliteal ligament.
  102. 102actionExtends the thigh.
    Flexes and medially rotates the leg.
  103. 103Gluteus maximus: – OriginGluteal surface of the ala of the ilium between the posterior portion of the iliac crest and posterior gluteal line.
    Posterior surface of the sacrum and coccyx.
    Sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments.
  104. 104insertBoth lips of the gluteal
    tuberosity.
    Iliotibial tract.
  105. 105actionMajor extensor of the thigh.
    Assists in lateral rotation of the thigh.
  106. 106Clinical note: Gluteus maximus is not very active in normal gait, but is more active in running, climbing stairs, and rising from a seated position..
  107. 107Gluteus medius: – Origin:Gluteal surface of the ala of the ilium between the crest, posterior gluteal line, and anterior gluteal line.
  108. 108insertLateral surface of the greater trochanter.
  109. 109actionOKC – Abducts and medially rotates the thigh.
    CKC – Steadies the pelvis during gait (prevents dipping of the pelvis to the opposite side).
  110. 110Gluteus minimus: – Origin:Gluteal surface of the ala of the ilium between the crest, anterior gluteal line, and inferior gluteal line.
  111. 111insertAnterior border of the greater trochanter.
  112. 112actionOKC – Abducts and medially rotates the thigh.
    CKC – Steadies the pelvis during gait (prevents dipping of the pelvis to the opposite side).
  113. 113Anatomical note: – All of the leg muscles except the popliteus are extrinsic muscles of the foot (originate outside the foot and insert in the foot).– As a general rule: tendons passing anterior to the ankle joint are dorsiflexors and tendons passing posterior to the ankle joint are plantarflexors.
  114. 114Anterior compartment of leg muscles: – Consists of:Tibialis anterior.
    Extensor hallucis longus.
    Extensor digitorum longus.
    Peroneus tertius.
  115. 115Tibialis anterior: – Origin:Lateral condyle and upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the shaft of the tibia.
    Adjacent interosseous membrane.
    Deep surface of the deep fascia.
  116. 116courseTendon courses in a synovial sheath beneath the most medial portion of the superior and inferior extensor retinaculae.
  117. 117insertMedial and plantar surfaces of the first cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal (first ray).
  118. 118actionDorsiflexes and inverts the
    foot.
    Also adducts the foot slightly.
  119. 119Anatomical note: The course and insertion of the tendons of tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior form a stirrup with the course and insertion of the tendon of peroneus longus..
  120. 120Extensor hallucis longus: – OriginMiddle one-half of the medial surface of the shaft of the fibula.
    Adjacent interosseous membrane.
  121. 121courseTendon courses in a synovial sheath beneath the superior and inferior extensor retinaculae.
  122. 122insertForms the extensor hood at the first MTP, and then inserts into the dorsum of the base of the distal phalanx of the hallux
  123. 123actionDorsiflexes the hallux at the interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints; dorsiflexes and inverts the foot.
  124. 124Clinical Note: The relationship of the tendon of EHL to the anterior tibial artery is important in ankle arthroscopy. The tendon crosses from the lateral to the medial side of the anterior tibial vessels and deep peroneal nerve at the ankle..
  125. 125Extensor digitorum longus: – OriginLateral condyle of the tibia.
    Head of the fibula and upper three- fourths of the medial surface of the shaft of the fibula.
    Adjacent interosseous membrane.
    Anterior peroneal septa.
    Deep surface of the deep fascia.
  126. 126courseTendon(s) courses in a synovial sheath (with the tendon of peroneus tertius) beneath the superior and inferior extensor retinaculae.
    It divides into four tendons, one for each of the lesser digits.
  127. 127insertionEach of the four tendons forms an extensor hood at the MTP and at the head of a proximal phalanx divides into three slips (trifurcation).
    The central slip inserts into the dorsum of the base of a middle phalanx while the two collateral slips unite at the head of a middle phalanx and insert into the dorsum of the base of a distal phalanx.
  128. 128actionDorsiflexes the lesser digits at the
    interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints; dorsiflexes the foot.
  129. 129Peroneus tertius (fibularis tertius): – Origin:Lower one-fourth of the medial surface of the shaft of the fibula.
    Adjacent interosseous membrane.
    • Anterior peroneal septa..
  130. 130courseTendon courses in a synovial sheath (with the tendon(s) of EDL) beneath the superior and inferior extensor retinaculae.
  131. 131insertDorsum of the base of
    the fifth metatarsal.
  132. 132actionDorsiflexes the foot
    aids in eversion of the foot.
  133. 133Anatomical note: The peroneus tertius is often considered to be the fifth tendon of EDL. It also may be absent..
  134. 134Lateral compartment of leg musclesConsists of the peroneus (fibularis) longus and peroneus (fibularis) brevis.
  135. 135Peroneus (fibularis) longus: – Origin:Lateral condyle of the tibia.
    Head and upper two thirds of the lateral surface of the shaft of the fibula.
    Deep surface of the deep
    fascia.
    • Anterior peroneal septa.
    • Posterior peroneal septa.
  136. 136courseThe tendon courses through the lateral malleolar sulcus;
    then deep to the superior peroneal retinaculum;
    then superficial to the calcaneofibular ligament;
    then inferior to the trochlear process being deep to the inferior peroneal retinacula;
    then to the peroneal notch;
  137. 137part 2then through the peroneal sulcus obliquely across the plantar surface of the foot in then third layer of plantar muscles.
    Tendon courses in a synovial sheath along with the tendon of peroneus brevis beneath the superior and inferior peroneal retinaculae; and in its own synovial sheath in the peroneal sulcus.
  138. 138insertLateral and plantar surfaces of the first cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal (first ray).
  139. 139actionPronation and plantarflexion of the foot.
    It also acts to support the transverse arch of the foot.
  140. 140Anatomical note: The course and insertion of the tendons of tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior form a stirrup with the course and insertion of the tendon of peroneus longus.Clinical note: An accessory sesamoid known as the os peroneum may be located in the tendon of peroneus longus near the lateral surface of the cuboid.
  141. 141Peroneus (fibularis) brevis: – OriginLower two thirds of the lateral surface of the shaft of the fibula.
    • Anterior peroneal septa.
    • Posterior peroneal septa.
  142. 142courseThe tendon courses through the lateral malleolar sulcus (being anterior to the tendon of PL);
    then deep to the superior peroneal retinaculum;
    then superficial to the calcaneofibular ligament;
  143. 143part 2then superior to the trochlear process being deep to the inferior peroneal retinacula;
    Tendon courses in a synovial sheath along with the tendon of peroneus longus beneath the superior and inferior peroneal retinaculae.
  144. 144insertTuberosity of the base of
    the fifth metatarsal.
  145. 145actionPronation and plantarflexion of the foot.
  146. 146Clinical note: The peroneus brevis may avulse a portion of the tuberosity of the base of the fifth metatarsal in an inversion injury..
  147. 147Posterior compartment of leg muscles:This group is divided into a superficial and deep group. (deleted -by the deep transverse fascia)
  148. 148Superficial group:Consists of the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris.
    The gastrocnemius and soleus are sometimes referred to as the triceps surae.
  149. 149Deep groupConsists of the popliteus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior, and flexor hallucis longus.
    The popliteus muscle and its overlying deep fascia form part of the floor of the politeal fossa, the other muscles of the deep group (FDL, TP, and FHL) are located in the deep posterior compartment of the leg.
  150. 150Gastrocnemius: – Origin:Medial head:
    – Medial condyle of the femur and capsule of the knee joint.
    Lateral head:
    – Lateral condyle of the femur and capsule of the knee joint.
  151. 151courseMuscle fibers attach to the anterior surface of a posterior aponeurosis of origin.
    Aponeurosis of insertion is formed anteriorly which fuses with the aponeurosis of insertion of the soleus to form the tendo calcaneus.
  152. 152insertBy tendo calcaneus into the middle one- third of the posterior surface of the calcaneus.
  153. 153actionFlexes the leg.
    Plantarflexes the foot.
  154. 154Clinical note: A sesamoid bone known as the fabella is occasionally found in the lateral head of the gastrocnemius.Clinical note: An exostosis known as a Haglund’s deformity (pump bump or supracalcaneal exostosis) is sometimes located at the junction of the posterior and superior surfaces of the calcaneus. These are caused by shoe- gear or overpronation.
  155. 155Soleus: – OriginPosterior surface of the head of the fibula and upper one-third of the posterior surface of the shaft of the fibula.
    Soleal line (popliteal line) and middle one-
    third of the medial border of the shaft of the tibia.
    Posterior peroneal septa.
  156. 156courseMuscle fibers attach to the posterior surface of a anterior aponeurosis of origin.
    Aponeurosis of insertion is formed posteriorly which fuses with the aponeurosis of insertion of the gastrocnemius to form the tendo calcaneus.
  157. 157insertBy tendo calcaneus into the middle one- third of the posterior surface of the calcaneus.
  158. 158actionPlantarflexes the foot
  159. 159Anatomical note: There is a bursa between the tendo calcaneus and the calcaneus (retrocalcaneal or subtendinous), and a bursa between the tendo calcaneus and the skin (subcutaneous or adventitial).Clinical note: The tendo calcaneus may shorten in individuals that wear high heeled shoes.
  160. 160Plantaris: – Origin:Lateral condyle of the femur.
  161. 161courseTendon courses obliquely between the gastrocnemius and soleus from lateral to the medial side of tendo calcaneus.
  162. 162insertMedial side of the middle one- third of the posterior surface of the calcaneus (may insert into the medial surface of the calcaneus).
  163. 163actionFunctions with the gastrocnemius.
  164. 164Popliteus: – OriginCKC:
    – Posterior surface of the shaft of the tibia above the popliteal (soleal) line.
    OKC:
    – Popliteal groove on the lateral epicondyle of the femur.
  165. 165insertCKC:
    – Popliteal groove on the lateral epicondyle of the femur.
    OKC:
    – Posterior surface of the
    shaft of the tibia above the popliteal (soleal) line.
  166. 166actionOKC:
    – Internally (medially) rotates the tibia.
    CKC:
    – Unlocks (laterally rotates the femur out of the screw- home position) the knee joint at the beginning of flexion.
  167. 167Flexor hallucis longus: – Origin:Lower two-thirds of the posterior surface of the shaft of the fibula lateral to the crista medialis.
    Lower portion of the interosseous membrane.
    Posterior peroneal septa.
    Deep surface of the deep transverse fascia.
  168. 168Anatomical note: The flexor hallucis longus has the most inferior origin of all of the leg muscles..
  169. 169Flexor hallucis longus: – Course:The tendon courses through the groove on the posterior surface of the distal extremity of the tibia;
    then between the two tubercles on the posterior surface of the body of the talus;
    then deep to the flexor retinaculum;
  170. 170part 2then inferior to the sustentaculum tali;
    then distally on the plantar surface of the foot in the second layer of plantar muscles where it gives rise to the Knot of Henry.
  171. 171Anatomical note: The tendon is enclosed in a synovial sheath beneath the flexor retinaculum and in the flexor sheath of the hallux..
  172. 172insertPlantar aspect of the base of the distal phalanx of the hallux.
  173. 173actionPlantarflexes the hallux at the
    IPJ and MTP.
    Plantarflexes the foot.
  174. 174Flexor digitorum longus: – Origin:Posterior surface of the shaft of the tibia below the soleal line and medial to the vertical ridge.
    Deep surface of the deep transverse fascia.
  175. 175Course:Tendon courses posterior (behind) to the tendon of tibialis posterior in the lower leg;
    then through the medial malleolar sulcus;
    then deep to the flexor retinaculum;
  176. 176part 2then superficial to the deltoid ligament; then distally on the plantar surface of the foot in the second layer of plantar muscles superficial (inferior, or below) to the tendon of FHL from which it receives the Knot of Henry;
  177. 177part 3it is then joined by the quadratus plantae;
    then divides into four tendons, one for each lesser digit;
    then through the split in the tendons of FDB in the region of the shaft of the proximal phalanges.
  178. 178Anatomical note: The tendon is enclosed in a synovial sheath beneath the flexor retinaculum and each tendon is enclosed in a flexor sheath in the digits..
  179. 179insertPlantar surface of the base of the distal phalanges of the second, third, fourth, and fifth toes.
  180. 180actionPlantarflexes the lesser digits at the IPJ’s and MTP’s.
    Plantarflexes the foot.
  181. 181Anatomical note: The tendon is referred to the “B-B tendon” because it courses behind (posterior) to the tibialis posterior in the leg and below (inferior) to the FHL tendon in the foot..
  182. 182Tibialis posterior: – Origin:Posterior surface of the shaft of the tibia below the soleal line and lateral to the vertical ridge.
    Upper two-thirds of the posterior surface of the shaft of the fibula medial to the crista medialis.
    All but the distal aspect of the interosseous membrane.
    Deep surface of the deep transverse fascia.
  183. 183courseTendon courses deep to the tendon of FDL;
    then in the medial malleolar sulcus;
    then deep to the flexor retinaculum;
    then superficial to the deltoid ligament;
    then inferior to the spring ligament.
    The tendon is enclosed in a synovial sheath beneath the flexor retinaculum.
  184. 184insertTendon divides into a main, recurrent, and plantar component:
  185. 185Main:Tuberosity of the navicular and plantar surface of the first cuneiform.
  186. 186PlantarSecond and third cuneiforms; cuboid; and the second, third, and fourth metatarsal bases.
  187. 187RecurrentSustentaculum
    tali.
  188. 188actionPlantarflexion and supination of the foot.
  189. 189The foot contains intrinsic muscles (originate and insert in the foot) and the tendons of extrinsic muscles (originate outside the foot and insert in the foot).The intrinsic muscles are divided into those located on the dorsum of the foot and those located on the plantar surface of the foot.
    Dorsum of the foot - There is one intrinsic muscle and the tendons of four extrinsic muscles.
  190. 190Clinical note: Infections spread along fascial planes within compartments of the foot, and between compartments along tendons..
  191. 191Extensor digitorum brevis: – Origin:• Sinus tarsi of the calcaneus.
    • Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament.
    • Inferior extensor retinaculum.
  192. 192courseObliquely from lateral to medial deep to the tendons of EDL and divides into four tendons.
  193. 193insertMedial (first) tendon (also known as extensor hallucis brevis) inserts into the dorsum of the base of the proximal phalanx of the hallux.
    Other three tendons (second, third, and fourth) insert into the lateral side of the EDL tendons to the second, third, and fourth toes.
  194. 194actionFirst tendon: Dorsiflex the proximal phalanx of the
    • Second, third , and fourth tendons: Dorsiflex the phalanges of the second, third, and fourth (second through fourth tendons).
  195. 195– Anatomical note: There may be fewer tendons (3) or additional tendons (7).– Anatomical note: EDB is the only muscle on the dorsum of the foot and the first tendon can be referred to as the extensor hallucis brevis (EHB).
    hallux (first tendon)
  196. 196Tendons of extrinsic muscles:The tendons of tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and peroneus tertius course below the superior and inferior extensor retinaculae enclosed in synovial sheaths.
    The tendons of tibialis anterior, and extensor hallucis longus have their own synovial sheaths while the tendons of extensor digitorum longus and peroneus tertius are enclosed in a comm
  197. 197Tibialis anteriorInserts into the medial and plantar surfaces of the first cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal (first ray).
  198. 198Extensor hallucis longus:Forms the extensor hood at the first MTP and then inserts into the dorsum of the base of the distal phalanx of the hallux.
  199. 199Extensor digitorum longus:Each of the four tendons forms an extensor hood at the MTP and at the head of a proximal phalanx divides into three slips (trifurcation).
    The central slip inserts into the dorsum of the base of a middle phalanx while the two collateral slips unite at the head of a middle phalanx and insert into the dorsum of the base of a distal phalanx.
  200. 200Peroneus tertiusInserts into the dorsum of the base of the fifth metatarsal.

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Flashcards on musles, created by Shylla T on 05/05/2021.
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Shylla T
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