Flashcards
59. Gangrenes
Cards in this deck (20)
- 1What is gangrene ?A term used to describe the death of an area of the body due to lack of blood supply, either due to obstructed circulation, bacterial wound infection, trauma or vascular disease.
- 2which part of the body is usually affected ?Hands and feet, then arms and abdomen followed by lungs and uterus
- 3What are the symptoms of gangrene ?1. A change in skin colour ( red to black)
2. Numbness and cold
3.Severe pain
4.Sloughing off of limbs
5.skin breakdown
6. Fever - 4What are the two types of classification of gangrene ?1. According to cause
2. According to clinical presentation - 5What are the sources/causes of gangrene ? (5)1)Secondary to arterial occlusion( Arteriosclerosis, thrombi )
2)Traumatic ( pressure sores, crush injuries)
3)Physical agents (burns, chemical or electrical)
4)Venous ( Extensive thrombosis)
5) Infective agents ( clostridium perfringens) - 6What are the risk factors of gangrene ?1. Major trauma
2.Raynaud's syndrome
3.Wound infections
4. Diabetes
5. Smoking
6. Frostbite - 7What are the types of gangrene according to their clinical presentation ?(5)1. Dry Gangrene
2. Wet Gangrene
3. Gas gangrene ( subtype of wet)
4. Necrotising fasciitis
5. Internal gangrene - 8Name the causes and features of dry gangreneCaused by a reduction of blood flow through the arteries and it appears gradually and progresses slowly and most of the time it does not become infected
- 9Name the symptoms of dry gangrene (3) and its appearanceTissue becomes cold and numb ( no pain)
Discolouration from red->brown->black
Limbs eventually slough off
Appearance is cold, dry, black - 10What is the treatment for dry gangrene ?Restoration of blood flow (e.g. surgically if there is a thrombus )
- 11What are the risk factors of dry gangrene ?Diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, genetics
- 12What are the causes of Wet gangrene ?Develops as a complication of untreated wound infection.
Bacteria causes inflammation and swelling. This swelling causes sudden blockage of blood flow. The cessation of blood flow facilitates invasion of the muscles by bacteria, white blood cells cannot reach affected part so bacteria multiply. - 13What are the symptoms of wet gangrene ?(9)1.Black discolouration
2. Extremely painful
3. Swollen
4. Decays
5.Foul-smelling odour
6. Fever
7.Local oozing
8.Fever
9.Putrefaction
- 14What is the treatment for wet gangrene ?Surgical debridement ( removing dead tissue) and intravenous antibiotics to control the infection
- 15What are the causes of gas gangrene ?Gas gangrene ( or clostridial myonecrosis) is a type of wet gangrene caused by the anaerobic bacteria clostridium perfringens. It produces α-toxin which causes myonecrosis ( destruction of muscle tissues) and haemolysis. It also causes release of gas.
- 16What are the symptoms of Gas gangrene ? (5)1. Crepitation when pressing
2. Wound infection
3.Brown/red bloody discharge from wound 4.Severe pain
5.Toxins can spread to blood and cause sepsis ( fever, increased heart rate and respiratory rate).
- 17What is the treatment fro gas gangreneNeeds to be treated aggressively it spreads quickly ,debridement, antibiotics and hyperbaric chamber
- 18name the complications of gangrene1.Permanent death of tissue
2. Amputation
3.Sepsis
4. Shock
5. Death ( especially in cases affecting the abdomen and intestines) - 19How do you diagnose gangrene ?1.Blood culture ( bacteria)
2. Blood test ( Increased WBC in wet/gas gangrene)
3. X-ray for gas gangrene ( look for bubbles of gas)
4. Arteriogram ( look for arterial occulsion) - 20Prophylaxis of gangrene (4)1. Always keep wounds clean and sterile ( clean them using antiseptic solution)
2. Watch for signs of infection ( pus, redness, swelling, unusual pain)
3. Consult health care provider if wound becomes infected
4. For diabetic patients be cautious and inspect feet regularly and keep taking medication.
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- Undergraduate Medicine (General Surgery) Flashcards on 59. Gangrenes, created by Sarah Dimia on 02/06/2021.
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