Flashcards
Biomedical Ethics Unit 1 Terms
Cards in this deck (21)
- 1ArgumentAn attempt to rationally support a thesis (conclusion) with reasons (premises)
- 2MantraA philosophical claim is only as compelling as its supporting argument is good
- 3Deductive argumentIf premises are true, conclusion must be true
- 4Inductive argumentIf premises are true it makes the conclusion more likely to be true
- 5Valid argumentConclusion must be true if premise is true
- 6Invalid argumentAn argument that looks like a deductive argument but whose conclusion is not guaranteed by the truth of the premises
- 7Sound argumentA valid, deductive argument whose premises are true
- 8Unsound argumentA valid deductive argument whose premises are not true
- 9P1. All As are Bs P2. x is an A C. Therefore, x is a BValid syllogism
- 10P1. All As are Bs. P2. x is a B C. Therefore, x is an AInvalid syllogism
- 11Strong inductive argumentthe truth of the premises really does prove that the conclusion is probably true
- 12Weak inductive argumentthe truth of the premises really does NOT prove that the conclusion is probably true
- 13P1. If p, then q (If one wears pink polo shirts, then one is trendy) P2. Not p (Gloria doesn't wear pink polo shirts) C. Therefore, not q (Therefore Gloria isn't trendy)Fallacy of denying the antecedent
- 14P1. if p, then q (if there is a ghost out there, the door will be unlocked) P2. q (the door becomes unlocked (opens)) C. Therefore, p (therefore, there must be a ghost out there)Fallacy of affirming the consequent
- 15Bob: God exists. Mary: How do you know? Bob: It says so in the bible Mary: How do you know the bible is true? Bob: Because God wrote itCircular reasoning/ Begging the question
- 16Since it is impossible to identify the precise point at which an acorn ceases to be an acorn and becomes an oak tree, there is no difference between an acorn and an oak treeLine-drawing fallacy
- 17P1. Money can be withdrawn from a bank. P2. There's a bank down by the river. C. Therefore, money can be withdrawn down by the riverFallacy of equivocation
- 18When a person asserts that some event must inevitably follow from another without any argument for the inevitability of the even in question. (i.e. "We have to stop the tuition increase! Next thing you know, they'll be charging $40K a semester)Slippery slope argument/fallacy
- 19Substituting a person's actual position or argument with a distorted, exaggerated, or misrepresented version of their position in an argumentStraw-man fallacy
- 20Ted: Biological evolution is both a theory and a fact. Edwin: That's ridiculous! How can you be absolutely certain that we evolved from pond scumStraw-man fallacy
- 21P1. Either you're with us or you're against us. P2. You're not with us. C. Therefore you're against usFalse dilemma/False dichotomy
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- Flashcards on Biomedical Ethics Unit 1 Terms, created by micanoel on 27/08/2015.
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