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A & P 5/6/some 7

Sydney Johnson a &P English 200 cards

Where capillary loops are found. E

Cards in this deck (200)

  1. 1—Site of the dermal ridges that produce epidermal ridges on the epidermal surfaces of the fingers.
    E    Site of the dermal ridges that produce epidermal ridges on the epidermal surfaces of the fingers. E
  2. 2—Responsible for shock absorption and located in the hypodermis.
    B    Responsible for shock absorption and located in the hypodermis. B
  3. 3—Pulls the hair follicle into an upright position.
    A    Pulls the hair follicle into an upright position. A
  4. 4—Sudoriferous gland.
    C    Sudoriferous gland. C
  5. 5—Dense irregularly arranged, fibrous connective tissue.
    D    Dense irregularly arranged, fibrous connective tissue. D
  6. 6—Region that thickens markedly when one gains weight.
    B    Region that thickens markedly when one gains weight. B
  7. 7—Where capillary loops are found.
    E    Where capillary loops are found. E
  8. 8The most abundant cells of the epidermis.Keratinocytes
  9. 9The protein found in the epidermis that is responsible for toughening the skin.Keratin
  10. 10Cells plus a disc-like sensory nerve ending that functions as a sensory receptor for touch.Merkel Disc
  11. 11Skin macrophages that help activate the immune system.Dendritic cells
  12. 12Cell remnants of the stratum corneum.Cornified keratinocytes
  13. 13The layer of the epidermis where the cells are considered protective but nonviable.Stratum corneum
  14. 14The glands that serve an important function in thermoregulation.Sudoriferous glands
  15. 15The layer that contains the mitotic viable cells of the epidermis.Stratum basale
  16. 16Hair that lacks pigment and is often called "immature hair."Vellus
  17. 17May indicate embarrassment, fever, hypertension, inflammation, or allergy.Erythema
  18. 18May indicate fear, anger, anemia, or low blood pressure.Pallor
  19. 19Usually indicates a liver disorder.Jaundice
  20. 20The appearance of a permanent tan; bronzing.Addison's disease
  21. 21A bluish color in light-skinned individuals.cyanosis
  22. 22—Hypodermis
    D    Hypodermis D
  23. 23—Epidermis
    A    Epidermis A
  24. 24—Reticular layer of the dermis.
    C    Reticular layer of the dermis. C
  25. 25—Papillary layer of the dermis.
    B    Papillary layer of the dermis. B
  26. 26The apocrine sweat glands are not the primary gland involved in thermoregulation.True
  27. 27The dense fibrous connective tissue portion of the skin is located in the reticular region of the dermis.True
  28. 28The protein found in large amounts in the outermost layer of epidermal cells is collagen.False
  29. 29Joe just burned himself on a hot pot. and the burn is quite painful. Joe's burn would best be described as a third-degree burn.False
  30. 30The reason that the nail bed appears pink is the presence of a large number of melanocytes in the underlying dermis.False
  31. 31During the regressive phase of hair growth, the matrix is inactive and the follicle atrophies.True
  32. 32The skin cancer most likely to metastasize is cancer of the melanocytes.True
  33. 33The skin is not able to receive stimuli because the cells of the epidermis are not living and therefore there are no sensory receptors in the skin.False
  34. 34The dermis contains blood vessels and nerve fibers while the epidermis does not.True
  35. 35For a doctor, simply looking at a patient's skin can help in making a diagnosis. Correct AnswerTrue
  36. 36When an individual is exposed to extremely cold air the dermal blood vessels will dilate so that more blood will be brought closer to the outside surface of the skin.False
  37. 37Regardless of race, all human beings have about the same number of melanocytes.True
  38. 38Cells in the stratum corneum undergo mitosis to keep the layer thick and protective.False
  39. 39The pinkish hue of individuals with fair skin is the result of the crimson color of oxygenated hemoglobin (contained in red blood cells) circulating in the dermal capillaries and reflecting through the epidermis.true
  40. 40When a patient is said to have "third-degree burns," this indicates that the patient has burns that cover approximately one-third or more of the body.False
  41. 41Thick skin has a more extensive dermal layer than thin skin.False
  42. 42The action of the arrector pili muscle is very similar in humans as it is in other mammals but its beneficial functions differ.True
  43. 43Select the most correct statement concerning skin cancer.Melanomas are rare but must be removed quickly to prevent them from metastasizing.
  44. 44A needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order?corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
  45. 45The major regions of a hair shaft include all of the following except ________.external root sheath
  46. 46The single most important risk for skin cancer is ________.overexposure to UV radiation
  47. 47A splinter penetrated into the skin of the sole of the foot, almost to the papillary region of the dermis. Which layer of the epidermis would be the final layer injured?Basale
  48. 48Which of the following is a skin sensory receptor for touch?tactile corpuscle
  49. 49Which statement correctly explains why hair appears the way it does?Kinky hair has flat, ribbonlike hair shafts.
  50. 50The function of the root hair plexus is to ________.allow the hair to assist in touch sensation
  51. 51Which glands produce ear wax?ceruminous glands
  52. 52e reason the hypodermis acts as a shock absorber is that ________.the major part of its makeup is adipose, which serves as an effective shock absorber
  53. 53Which type of skin cancer appears as a scaly reddened papule and tends to grow rapidly and metastasize?squamous cell carcinoma
  54. 54Which of the following cells and their functions are correctly matched?dendritic cells — activate the immune system
  55. 55Melanocytes and keratinocytes work together in protecting the skin from UV damage when keratinocytes ________.accumulate the melanin granules on their superficial portion, forming a UV-blocking pigment layer
  56. 56The epidermis consists of five layers of cells, each layer with a distinct role to play in the health, well-being, and functioning of the skin. Which of the following layers is responsible for cell division and replacement?stratum basale
  57. 57Water loss through the epidermis could cause a serious threat to health and well-being. Which of the following protects us against excessive water loss through the skin?Glycolipids that are secreted by keratinocytes into extracellular spaces.
  58. 58The dermis is a strong, flexible connective tissue layer. Which of the following cell types are likely to be found in the dermis?fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells
  59. 59The dermis has two major layers. Which layer constitutes 80% of the dermis and is responsible for the tension lines in the skin?the reticular layer
  60. 60Despite its apparent durability, the dermis is subject to tearing. How might a person know that the dermis has been previously stretched and/or torn?The appearance of visible, silvery-white scars is an indication of stretching of the dermis.
  61. 61The papillary layer of the dermis is composed of loosely packed connective tissue with numerous peg-like projections that provide a great deal of surface area connecting the dermis to the epidermis. Which of the statements below do not represent benefits provided by the papillary layer's anatomy?The looseness allows for easy separation of the dead cell layer of epidermis to be shed.
  62. 62The friction ridges seen in finger, palm and foot prints are different among various people but very similar between identical twins. This evidence suggests which of the following?That friction ridges are genetically determined.
  63. 63Which of the following statements indicates the way in which the body's natural defenses protect the skin from the effects of UV damage?Prolonged exposure to the sun induces melanin dispersion, which in turn acts as a natural sunscreen.
  64. 64Changes in the color of skin are often an indication of a homeostatic imbalance. Which of the following changes would suggest that a patient is suffering from Addison's disease?The skin takes on a bronze or metallic appearance.
  65. 65A dendritic or Langerhan cell is a specialized ________.phagocytic cell
  66. 66What are the most important factors influencing hair growth?nutrition and hormones
  67. 67Sudoriferous (sweat) glands are categorized as two distinct types. Which of the following are the two types of sweat glands?eccrine and apocrine
  68. 68The composition of the secretions of the eccrine glands is ________.99% water, sodium chloride, trace amounts of wastes, and vitamin C
  69. 69Apocrine glands, which begin to function at puberty under hormonal influence, seem to play little role in thermoregulation. Where would we find these glands in the human body?in the axillary and anogenital area
  70. 70The sebaceous glands are simple alveolar glands that secrete a substance known as sebum. The secretion of sebum is stimulated ________.by hormones, especially androgens
  71. 71In addition to protection (physical and chemical barrier), the skin serves other functions. Which of the following is another vital function of the skin?It converts modified epidermal cholesterol to a vitamin D precursor important to calcium metabolism.
  72. 72Burns are devastating and debilitating because of loss of fluids and electrolytes from the body. How do physicians estimate the extent of burn damage associated with such dangerous fluid loss?by using the "rule of nines"
  73. 73What is the first threat to life from a massive third-degree burn?catastrophic fluid loss
  74. 74Eyebrow hairs are always shorter than hairs on your head because ________.eyebrow follicles are only active for a few months
  75. 75Cells of the stratum spinosum have many interlocking desmosomes that will remain between the cells as they migrate to the stratum corneum. These cell junctions serve the body by ________.preventing mechanical stress or trauma from damaging the epidermis
  76. 76Which of the following examples listed below illustrates homeostasis maintained by a negative feedback?Thickening of epidermis to form a callus in places where the skin is exposed to friction.
  77. 77Which of the following examples listed below illustrates homeostasis maintained by a negative feedback?Release of chemical signals by keratinocytes that have been damaged by UV light that will increase the production of melanin.
  78. 78Which of the following examples listed below illustrates homeostasis maintained by a negative feedback?Release of sweat by eccrine glands in response to heat.
  79. 79Which layer of skin is LEAST protected by melanin?stratum corneum
  80. 80Which layer of the epidermis will be supplied with the highest levels of oxygen from the blood?stratum basale
  81. 81A patient has skin that is slightly blue in color. A likely treatment for this person might be ________.giving the patient supplemental oxygen by mask
  82. 82The arrector pili muscle's predominate, useful function in humans is to ________.assisting in the release sebum from nearby sebaceous glands
  83. 83Which of the following is not one of the functions of the skin?Gives the body its overall shape, loss of this function can be seen with the drooping of skin with age.
  84. 84All of the following will help the skin to fight infection but one. Which of the following will have little effect on the skin's ability to fight infection?Greater production of melanin.
  85. 85A light skinned person who is very cold may have a pale appearance. Which of the following is the best explanation for why this might be so?The person's blood vessels in the dermis have undergone vasoconstriction (narrowing).
  86. 86A surgeon opens her patient by cutting the integument parallel to the cleavage lines of the dermis (tension lines). This will result in ________.faster healing of the skin and less scaring
  87. 87A light-skinned person may appear pink when they become overheated. The best explanation for this is ________.the blood vessels of the dermis have undergone vasodilation, bringing a greater volume of blood to the skin
  88. 88William has a cut that is superficial, painful but not bleeding. Based on this information you would predict that the cut has penetrated to ________.the stratum basale but not the dermal layers
  89. 89The surge of sex hormones that accompanies puberty has a wide range of effects on the body. One of those effects is to enhance the activity of the sebaceous glands, increasing the production of sebum. Which of the following is the most likely to result from the increased sebaceous activity?Increased oily appearance and more acne.
  90. 90Cradle cap in infants is called ________.seborrhea
  91. 91The white crescent portion of the nail is called the ________.lunula
  92. 92The layer of the epidermis immediately under the stratum lucidum in thick skin is the stratum ________.granulosum
  93. 93The ________ are the small muscles located in the dermis that cause goose bumps.arrector-pili
  94. 94A summertime golden bronze tan may not be a tan at all; especially if the skin appears almost metallic bronze, it may be the result of ________ disease.Addison-s
  95. 95The coarse hair of the eyebrows and scalp is called ________ hair.terminal
  96. 96Burns that result in injury to the epidermis and the upper regions of the dermis is called a ________ burn.Second-degree
  97. 97Pigment-producing cells in the epidermis are ________.melanocytes
  98. 98The only place you will find stratum ________ is in the skin that covers the palms, fingertips, and soles of the feet.lucidum
  99. 99Bone 1flatBone 1
  100. 100Bone 2LongBone 2
  101. 101Bone 3FlatBone 3
  102. 102Bone 4FlatBone 4
  103. 103Bone 5LongBone 5
  104. 104Bone 6IrregularBone 6
  105. 105Bone 7LongBone 7
  106. 106Compact BoneCCompact Bone
  107. 107Location of the epiphyseal line.BLocation of the epiphyseal line.
  108. 108Area where yellow marrow is found.DArea where yellow marrow is found.
  109. 109Epiphysis of the bone.AEpiphysis of the bone.
  110. 110Bones are porous and thin but bone composition is normal.Osteoporosis
  111. 111Bone formed is poorly mineralized and soft. Deforms on weight bearing.Osteomalacia
  112. 112Excessive and haphazard bone deposit and resorption.Paget's disease
  113. 113An incomplete fracture or cracking of the bone without actual separation of the parts. Common in children.Greenstick
  114. 114Bone fragments into many pieces.Comminuted
  115. 115Common sports fracture resulting from a twisting force.Spiral
  116. 116The lining of the marrow cavity.Endosteum
  117. 117Cells that can dissolve the bony matrix.Osteoclasts
  118. 118Layers of bone matrix.Lamellae
  119. 119Small channels that radiate through the matrix of bone.Canaliculi
  120. 120Cells that can build a bony matrix.Osteoblasts
  121. 121The cells responsible for the early stages of endochondral ossification.Chondrocytes
  122. 122The growth pattern of bone in which matrix is laid down on the surface.Appositional growth
  123. 123Bone develops from a fibrous membrane.Intramembranous ossification
  124. 124The appearance of this structure signals the end of bone growth.Epiphyseal line
  125. 125Area where bone longitudinal growth takes place.Epiphyseal plate
  126. 126Sharp, slender, often pointed projection.Spine
  127. 127Round or oval opening through a bone.Foramen
  128. 128Smooth, nearly flat articular surface.Facet
  129. 129Armlike bar of bone.Ramus
  130. 130Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process.Trochanter
  131. 131Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cells within the red marrow cavities of certain bones.True
  132. 132Compact bone is replaced more often than spongy bone.False
  133. 133Bones are classified by whether they are weight bearing or protective in function.False
  134. 134The periosteum is a tissue that serves only to protect the bone because it is not supplied with nerves or blood vessels.False
  135. 135Short, irregular, and flat bones have medullary cavities in order to keep the weight of the bones light.False
  136. 136In newborn infants, the medullary cavity and all areas of spongy bone contain yellow bone marrow.Flase
  137. 137The structural unit of compact bone (osteon) resembles the growth rings of a tree trunk.True
  138. 138The term osteoid refers to the organic part of the matrix of compact bones.true
  139. 139Sixty-five percent of the mass of bone is a compound called hydroxyapatite.True
  140. 140All bones stop growing by the end of adolescence.false
  141. 141An osteon contains osteocytes, lamellae, and a central canal, and is found in compact bone only.True
  142. 142The trabeculae of spongy bone are oriented toward lines of stress.True
  143. 143The hormone that is primarily involved in the control of bone remodeling is calcitonin.False
  144. 144Each consecutive bone lamella has collagen fibers that wrap in alternating directions.True
  145. 145Cartilage has a flexible matrix that can accommodate mitosis of chondrocytes.True
  146. 146Closure of the epiphyseal plate stops all bone growth.False
  147. 147The structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand torsion stresses?Compact bone
  148. 148Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of ________.Fat
  149. 149The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the ________.osteoblasts
  150. 150What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?hyaline cartilage
  151. 151What can a deficiency of growth hormone during bone formation cause?decreased epiphyseal plate activity
  152. 152A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the ________.diaphysis
  153. 153The term diploë refers to the ________.internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones
  154. 154Which of the following is a bone marking name that indicates an armlike bar of bone?Ramus
  155. 155Which of the following is implicated in osteoporosis in older women?estrogen deficiency due to menopause
  156. 156Ossification of the ends of long bones ________.is produced by secondary ossification centers
  157. 157Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood?epiphyseal plate
  158. 158Which of the following is the single most important stimulus for epiphyseal plate activity during infancy and childhood?Growth hormone
  159. 159Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?Communication
  160. 160What is the structural unit of compact bone?The osteon
  161. 161Bones are covered and lined by a protective tissue called periosteum. The inner (osteogenic) layer consists primarily of ________.osteogenic cells
  162. 162The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by ________.perforating (Sharpey's) fibers
  163. 163The central (Haversian) canal that runs through the core of each osteon is the site of ________.blood vessels and nerve fibers
  164. 164The resilience of bone is thought to come from which of the following?sacrificial bonds in or between collagen molecules
  165. 165For intramembranous ossification to take place, which of the following is necessary?Ossification centers form in the fibrous connective tissue membrane.
  166. 166The process of bones increasing in thickness is known as ________.appositional growth
  167. 167Bones are constantly undergoing resorption (breaking bone down) for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process?osteoclast
  168. 168Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream?parathyroid hormone
  169. 169Which bone would likely take the longest to heal?thigh bone of an elderly individual
  170. 170Wolff's law is concerned with ________.the thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it
  171. 171Cranial bones develop ________.within fibrous membranes
  172. 172In humans, the effect of the hormone calcitonin is to ________.temporarily decrease blood calcium levels when administered in large doses
  173. 173At what age do bones reach their peak density?Early adulthood
  174. 174Cartilage grows in two ways, appositional and interstitial. What is appositional growth?the secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage
  175. 175Which of the following statements best describes interstitial growth of cartilage?Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within.
  176. 176In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows ________.by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis
  177. 177Spongy bone contains ________.trabeculae
  178. 178Ossification (Osteogenesis) is the process of ________.Bone formation
  179. 179Lengthwise, long bone growth during infancy and youth is exclusively through ________.interstitial growth of the epiphyseal plates
  180. 180Growth of bones is controlled by a symphony of hormones. Which hormone is of greatest importance for bone growth during infancy and childhood?growth hormone
  181. 181In some cases the epiphyseal plate of the long bones of children closes too early. What might be the cause?elevated levels of sex hormones
  182. 182Prevention of osteoporosis includes adequate intake of ________.calcium and vitamin D
  183. 183What tissue forms the model for endochondrial ossification?cartilage
  184. 184The pubic symphysis connects the two hip bones anteriorly and provides a little movement during childbirth. Choose the most appropriate tissue for this structure that is subjected to both pressure and stretch.fibrocartilage
  185. 185At an archeological site you discover a bone that is cylindrical in shape, about one inch long and a quarter of an inch wide. Choose the correct classification.Long
  186. 186Choose the structures that most directly provide nutrients and remove wastes from osteocytes in compact bone.canaliculi
  187. 187Skeletal remains are discovered at an archeological site. X-rays of the femur show evidence of a thin epiphyseal plate. This bone likely belonged to which of the following?18 year old male
  188. 188When an osteoblast becomes completely surrounded by its own matrix secretions it is referred to as an ________.osteocyte
  189. 189Choose the best location for obtaining a red bone marrow sample from a patient.Hip bone
  190. 190Select the bone disorder in which bone resorption outpaces bone deposit, leaving the person with thin and often very fragile bones?osteoporosis
  191. 191Choose which bone marking type would likely increase in size when a weight lifter repeatedly exercises muscles that attach to it.trochanter
  192. 192Articulates with hip bones of the pelvis.DArticulates with hip bones of the pelvis.
  193. 193Attach to ribs.BAttach to ribs.
  194. 194Bares most of the weight.CBares most of the weight.
  195. 195Transvers foramina allow the passage of vertebral arteries.ATransvers foramina allow the passage of vertebral arteries.
  196. 196No canals or foramen present.ENo canals or foramen present.
  197. 197Includes the atlas and the axis.AIncludes the atlas and the axis.
  198. 198Contains a pivot joint that allows you to rotate your head "no."AContains a pivot joint that allows you to rotate your head "no."
  199. 199Anchor the pterygoid muscles.EAnchor the pterygoid muscles.
  200. 200Passageway for optic nerve.APassageway for optic nerve.

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a &P Flashcards on A & P 5/6/some 7, created by Sydney Johnson on 14/09/2021.
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