Flashcards
The Living World
Cards in this deck (61)
- 1Definition of BiodiversityThe variety of life in the world or particular habitat
- 2Definition of Commercial FarmingFarming to sell produce to retailers
- 3ConsumerAnimal that eats herbivores and plants
- 4Debt ReductionCountries are relieved of some of their debt in return for protecting their rainforests
- 5DecomposersAn organism such as bacteria or fungus that breaks down dead tissue which is recycled to the environment
- 6EcosystemA community of plants and animals that interact with each other and the physical environment
- 7EcotourismResponsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, sustains the well-being of the local people. It is small scale and has minimal impact on the local ecosystem
- 8Food WebA diagram that shows all the linkages between produces and consumers in an ecosystem
- 9Food chainA line of linkages between consumers and producers
- 10LoggingThe buisness of cutting down trees and transporting them to sawnmills
- 11Mineral ExtractionThe removal of solid minerals resourses from the arth
- 12Nutrient RecyclingThe recycling of nutrients between living organisms and the environment
- 13ProducerOrganisms that obtain their energy from a primary source such as the sun through photosynthesis.
- 14Selective LoggingThe cutting down of trees that are mature and useful while leaving the rest to continue growing for the future
- 15DetritusDead or decaying leaves
- 16BioticThe living features of an ecosystem
- 17AbioticThe non-living factors of an ecosystem
- 18ScavengersOrganisms that consume dead plants or animals
- 19What does interrelationship mean?How the living and non-living parts rely on each other in an ecosystem
- 20Trophic Levels - Why is energy lost at each level in a food chain- Roots, stems, bones, scales and feather aren't eaten
- Movement
- Respiration and released as heat
- Lost in excretion - 21Litter (in an ecosystem)Dead material fallen to the ground
- 22What is the diagram showing?The movement of nutrients around a ecosystem
- 23What is our small scale UK ecosystem and what is the example food chain?Freshwater Pond Ecosystem
Algae-Midge Larva-Great Diving Beetle-Fish-Heron - 24In our small-scale ecosystem, what is the producer, herbivore, primary, secondary and tertiary consumer and apex predator?Algae-Producer
Midge Larva-Herbivore, Primary Consumer
Great Diving Beetle-Secondary Consumer
Fish-Tertiary Consumer
Heron-Apex Predator - 25Why are decomposer useful in nutrient recycling?So the nutrients can return to the soil from the dead leaves and animals
- 26LatitudeHow north or south the location is from the equator (controls temperature and rainfall)
- 27Why does latitude control temperature and rainfall?A. The suns rays have to travel further through the Earth's atmosphere so lose more energy
B. The solar radiation reflects of the Earth's surface due to the angle therefore less heat builds up
- 28BiomeLarge scale ecosystem covering a large area of the Earth's surface
- 29Altitude and Ocean Current1. Temperature decrease with heat
2. A warmer current means the temperatuer in the surrounding air will be warmer and there will be more moisture from the sea - 30Distribution of Tropical RainforestsFound around the tropic, along and either side of the equator
- 31What are the 4 layers of the rainforestShrub layer, under canopy, canopy and emergent
- 32What is the difference between distribution and location?Distribution is a pattern so you use words like along, around, in the area of, large area
Location is a focused place on a map so you use words like in, on, at - 33Rainforest adaptations to soilTall trees have buttress roots to support them in the very shallow soil. The tree are deciduous so have rapid recycling of nutrients from fallen leaves. Epiphytes live on branches so get their nutrients from air and water rather than the soil.
- 34Rainforest adaptations to heat, humidity and rainfallDrip tip leaves allow large amounts of rainfall to flow off them easily without them breaking, leaves are waxy to protect from heat and bark is thin and smooth to allow water flow and don't need protection from cold temperature.
- 35Rainforest adaptations to competition for sunlightTall trees have buttress roots to stabilise them, leaf stems are flexible to allow leaves to move, vines climb trees to reach the canopy layer for light, emergent trees grow faster and epiphytes live on branches so they can get sunlight.
- 36Causes of deforestationHydroelectric power, mining, settlement, logging, subsistence farming, road building and commercial farming - ranching and crops
- 37Hydroelectric powerAn unlimited amount of water led to lots of dams being built to generate hydroelectric power. This involves flooding the rainforest
- 38Mining - mineral extractionOver 50,000 hectares is used for gold mining
- 39Settlements and population growthSettlement for workers (miners and farmers). Transmigration from urban to rural encouraged by the government.
- 40LoggingMahogany and teak are used to make furniture and smaller trees are used for fuel. Responsible for 3% of destruction
- 41Subsistence farmingLocal communities or tribes hunt and gather food and grow crops in cleared areas of the forest - slash and burn. Responsible for 20% of destruction
- 42Commercial farming - ranchingUsing the land to rear cattle which accounts to nearly 80% of tropical rainforest destruction in Brazil
- 43Road buildingRoads are needed to bring in equipment and transport products - Trans-Amazonian highway
- 44Commercial farming - cropsUsing land to grow crops in plantations - bananas, palm oil, sugar cane. Responsible for 5-10% of destruction
- 45Global impacts of deforestationGlobal warming and loss of biodiversity
- 46Local impacts of deforestationDecline of tribes, soil erosion, river pollution, local climate change and conflicts
- 47Economic impacts of deforestationGains: Mining creates job - In Peru, a mining company made 3000 jobs for locals. Brazil made $6.9 billion in 2008 from farming.
Loses: Pollution of water and dryer climate so water shortages. Plants that help medicine make become extinct. Local rubber tappers may lose their jobs - 48Environmental impacts of deforestation - soil erosionThe roots are no longer present so they don't hold the soil together so the soil is washed away which increase flooding. With no trees they are no leaves so there is less nutrients in the soil
- 49Environmental impacts of deforestation - loss of biodiversityWith the loss of habitats, species become endangered or extinct reducing biodiversity. Estimates suggests 50,000 plant, animal and insect species are lost a year. Less cures for life threatening diseases.
- 50Environmental impacts of deforestation - Climate changeThe Amazon stores around 100 billion tonnes of carbon so burning the trees will cause global warming. Deforestation disrupts the water cycle so there will be less moisture and less rain.
- 51Location, vegetation and climate of a tropical rainforestFound at and around the equator.
There is a high biodiversity - large range of trees, plants and animals
Temperature stays between 25-27C all year and the rainfall occurs all the time and is between 1800-2000mm per year. - 52ConservationAvoiding unnecessary use of natural materials
- 53ProtectionStopping people from using, selling or accessing the resource
- 54Strategies for rainforest sustainability managementSelective logging, replanting, conservation, ecotourism, education and debt reduction
- 55Hot desert climateDay - 45c
Night - -5c
Less than 200mm of rainfall per year - 56Vegetation adaptationsThick stem, long tap roots, surface roots, thin needles, waxy skin
- 57Animal adaptationsNocturnal to avoid extreme heat, get water from food, don’t urinate or sweat, thick fur for night, large ears wide heat loss
- 58Opportunities in a hot desertMineral extraction - Morocco - phosphate
Energy - Tunisia - solar farms
Tourism - Marrakech - camel trekking etc
Farming - Egypt - Aswan Dam - 59Challenges in a hot desertExtreme temperature - 40C and -5C
Inaccessibility - Sahara is 9.2 billion Km2
Water supply - Less than 200mm per year - 60DesertificationThe degradation of land so it becomes more desert like - drier and less productive
- 61Desert fringesThe edges of hot deserts
Information
- Description
- Ecosystems, tropical rainforests and deserts
- Created by
- William Feakes
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