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Description
Flashcards by shaina.ahluwalia, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by shaina.ahluwalia
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Induvidual Differences | Distinctiveness and variations among people's characteristics and behaviour patterns. |
| situationism | Situations and circumstances in which one is placed influences one's beaviour |
| Assessment | Refers to the measurement of psychological attributes of induviduals and their evaluation, often using multiple methods in terms of certain standards of comparison. |
| Types of Assessment | Informal, Formal |
| Formal Assessment | It is objective, standardised and organised. |
| Psychological Assessment | It uses systematic testing proceduresto evaluate abilities, behaviours and personal qualities of an induvidual |
| Psychological Attributes | Complex and usually multi-dimensional. |
| Some Attributes | 1.Intellegence. 2. Aptitude. 3.Interest. 4.Personality. 5.Values. |
| Intellegence (attribute) | It is the global capacity to understand the world, think rationally and use available resources effectivelywhen faced with challenges. |
| Aptitude (attribute) | Induvidua'ls underlying potential for acquiring skills. |
| Interest (attribute) | Induvidual's preference for engaging in one or more specific activities relative to others. |
| Personality (attribute) | Relatively enduring characteristics of a person that make her or him distinct from others. |
| Values ( attribute) | Enduring beliefs about an ideal mode of behaviour |
| Why intellegence test? | Provide a global measure of a person's general cognitive competence, including the ability to profit from schooling. |
| Why aptitude test? | Used to predict what an induvidual will be able to if given proper environment and training. |
| Why interest assessment? | Knowledge of interests helps us in making choices that promote life satisfaction and performance on jobs. |
| Why Personality test? | They try to assess an induvidual's unique characteristics. They help us to explain an induvidual's behaviour and predict how s/he will behave in future. |
| Why value assessment? | A person having a value sets a standard for guiding her/his actions in life and also for judging others. We try to determine the dominant values of a person. |
| Psychological Test | It is an objective and standardised measure of an induvidual's mental and/or behavioural characteristics. |
| Uses of Interview | Counsellor, survey, recruitment, etc |
| Two types of Psychological test | Objective and Projective |
| Case Study | It is an in-depth study of the induvidual in terms of her/his psychological attributes, psychological history in the context of her/his psychosocial and physical environment. |
| Objective tests | They have been developed to measure all the dimensions of psychological attributes. They are widely used for the purposes of clinical diagnoses, guidance, personnel selection, placement and training. |
| Use of Case Study | They are widely used by clinical psychologists. Case analysis of great lives can also be done. They are based on data generated by different methods like interview, observation, questionnaire , psychological tests, etc. |
| Projective tests | They have been developed for the assessment of personality. |
| Observation | It involves employing systematic, organised and objective procedures to record behavioural phenomena occuring naturally in real time. |
| Interview | It involves seeking information for a person on a one-to-one basis. |
| Drawbacks of Observation | 1. Observer has little control over the situation. 2. Reports may suffer from subjective interpretation. |
| Self Report | It is a method in which a person provides factual information about herself/himself and/or opinions, beliefs etc that s/he holds. |
| How is Self report obtained | It can be obtained through an interview, questionnaire, a psychological test or a personal diary. |
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