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Description
Flashcards by Giselle Robinson, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Giselle Robinson
over 2 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Sedimentary Rocks | A rock formed from sediment laid down at the Earth’s surface that has subsequently undergone lithification by processes such as compaction and cementation. Sedimentary rocks usually have a fragmental texture, with individual grains cemented together. Some other sedimentary rocks are formed by biological processes (for example coral reefs) or chemical processes (for example evaporites). |
| Extrusive Igneous Rocks | Formed from an originally molten state Rocks that form by the extrusion (forcing out) of magma onto the Earth’s surface at volcanoes. |
| Intrusive Igenous Rocks | Igneous rocks that form deep underground are termed intrusive, as the magmas were forced into (intruded) pre-existing rocks. They can be made visible though erosion. |
| Metamorphic Rocks | Originally sedimentary or igneous rocks that have been greatly changed by pressure or later heating events |
| Rock | Any naturally formed, solid assemblage of mineral grains is defined as a rock and may consist of one type of mineral but, more usually, several minerals. |
| Mineral | Defined as a solid material, formed by natural processes, with a chemical composition that falls within certain narrow limits and with its constituent atoms arranged in a specific regular, three-dimensional array or pattern. |
| Crystal | A solid with a definite geometric form reflecting the regular arrangement of its constituent atoms. |
| Part 1 Appearance of Minerals, how do we differentiate between them? | colour – chemical composition often determines the colour of a mineral lustre – the appearance caused by how light is reflected from the mineral’s surface, for example, metallic, glassy (or vitreous), or dull |
| Prismatic crystals | they are much longer than they are wide |
| Tabular crystals | Flat in appearance |
| Cubic crystals | crystals with six square faces intersecting at 90° |
| Rhombohderal crystals | crystals with six equal-sided faces that don’t intersect at 90 |
| Part 2 Further ways to differentiate minerlas | density – chemical composition and atomic structure influence density, measured in g /cm3, or kg /m3 hardness, relative to other minerals, or to standard common materials such as steel or a fingernail the pattern on a fractured (broken) surface |
| Cleavage | The tendency for a mineral to break apart along preferred planes of natural weakness in its crystal structure |
| Sillicates containing Mg and Fe | Pyroxene Olivine Mica (dark) Garnet Amphibole |
| Sillicates not containing Fe or Mg | Kyanite Quartz Mica (white) Feldspar |
| Non-sillicate ore minerals | Hematite Galena Pyrite |
| Other non-sillicates | Halite Calcite Gypsum |
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