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| Question | Answer |
| Mesopotamia | Land " between the 2 rivers |
| Sumerians | The creators of the Mesopotamian civilization |
| Polytheistic | Beliefs in many gods |
| Ziggurat | Temple was often built atop a massive stepped tower |
| Theocracy | Government by divine authority |
| Cuneiform | System of writing |
| Hammurbi' s Law code | His code, a collection of 282 laws and standards, stipulated rules for commercial interactions and set fines and punishments to meet the requirements of justice. |
| Patriarchal | Men dominated the society |
| Nile River | Begin in the heart of Africa & courses northward for more than 4,000 miles. ( 6,436 Km ) |
| Inundation | Annual Floding of the Nile River |
| Cataracts | Waterfalls along the Nile River |
| King Menes | Untied Upper & Lower Egypt into single kingdom & created the first royal dynasty |
| Dynasty | Family of rulers whose right to rule is passed on within the family |
| Vizier | The steward of the whole land |
| Pharaoh | Originally meaning " great house " or " palace " eventually became the most common |
| Silt | Rich, black soil left behind by the yearly flood |
| Mummification | process of slowly drying a dead boby to prevent it form rotting |
| "Ba +"Ka" | ancient Egyptians believed that a human soul was made up of five parts: the Ren, the Ba, the Ka, the Sheut, and the Ib. In addition to these components of the soul there was the human body |
| Canopic Jars | A jar in which the ancient Egyptians preserved the viscera of a deceased person usually for burial with the mummy. |
| Great Pyramind | King Khufu construted at Giza around 2540 B.C covers 13 acres (5.3 ha ) , measures 756 feet ( 230 m) at each side of its base, & stands 481ft (147 m) |
| KIng Khufu | early 26th century B.C., king of Egypt: builder of the great pyramid at Giza. Also called Khufu. |
| Sphinx | An ancient Egyptian figure of an imaginary creature having the body of a lion and the head of a human or sometimes an animal. b. (usu. cap.) the colossal recumbent stone figure of this kind near the pyramids of Giza. |
| Old Kingdom | Old Kingdom (2686–2181 BC) the name given to the period in the 3rd millennium BC when Egypt attained its first continuous peak of civilization |
| Middle Kingdom | a period of stability lasted from about 2055 b.c. -1650 B.C., Egyptians later portrayed the Middle Kingdom as a golden age of stability |
| New Kingdom | Established & lasted approximately from 1550 B.C. to 1070 B.C. |
| Queen Hatshepsut | One of the first women to become pharaoh - built the great temple at Deir el-Balhri ,near Thebes |
| Sarcophagus | Among the ancient Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians, a limestone coffin or tomb, often inscribed and elaborately ornamented |
| King Khufu's Boat | |
| Hieroglyphics | Now mainly used to refer to the system of writing used by the ancient Egyptians. |
| Great Sphinx | Of Egypt is a colossal statue, possibly the oldest in the world |
| Hyksos | Coined by Manetho to identify the Fifteenth Dynasty of Asiatic rulers of northern Egypt. In Egyptian Hyksos means "ruler(s) of foreign countries", however, Josephus mistranslated Hyksos as "Shepherd Kings". |
| Akhenaten(aka Amenhotep) | rejected the traditional reiligion in favor of workshiping the Aten, or sun disc, after whom he renamed himsrelf. He closed all the temples of old gods andw obilterated their names from monuments |
| King Tut ( Tutankhamen) | 17 year old boy whose tomb survived untouched ny grave robbes, more then 3,000 artifacts discovered in his tomb |
| Ramses II | Ramses the Great reignted 67 years, fathered over 100 childern, defeated the Hittites, the other superpower of ancient times, he declared himself a living god |
| Fertile Cresecent | is the region in the Middle East which curves, like a quarter-moon shape, from the Persian Gulf, through modern-day southern Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and northern Egypt |
| The Great Pyramid | largest of the 3 pyramid at Giza , built by king Khufu , only monumet of the 7 Wonders of Ancient World to survive |
| The Rosetta Stone | Stone with writing on it in 2 languages ( Egyptain & Greek), using 3 scripts |
| Papyrus | reed like plant that grows on the Nile River Ancient Egyptains used to write on |
| Cultural D | Spreading of ideas from one culture to another |
