Flashcards
Unit 2 - Module 12: The Brain - The Cerebral Cortex
Cards in this deck (24)
- 1Unit Two - Module 12 The Brain: The Cerebral CortexThe Cerebral Cortex
- 2cerebrumThe largest part of the brain, forming most of the forebrain. It consists of two cerebral hemispheres bridged by the corpus callosum. Each hemisphere is divided into four main lobes.
- 3corpus callosumA large tract of nerve fibres running across the longitudinal fissure of the brain and connecting the cerebral hemispheres. It is the principal connection between the two sides of the brain.
- 4cerebral cortexThe layer of grey matter that covers the outside of the cerebral hemispheres in the brain and is associated with higher cognitive functions, such as language, learning, perception, and planning.
- 5frontal lobeOne of the four main lobes of each cerebral hemisphere of the brain, lying in front of the central sulcus. It is concerned with motor and higher order executive functions.
- 6parietal lobeOne of the four main lobes of each cerebral hemisphere, lying behind the frontal lobe. Parts of the parietal lobe participate in somatosensory activities, such as the discrimination of size, shape, and texture of objects; awareness of sensation such as touch, pain, and temperature, and spatial awareness of the body.
- 7temporal lobeOne of the four main lobes of each cerebral hemisphere, lying to the side and below the frontal and parietal lobes. Parts of the temporal lobe are responsible for auditory activities while other areas are involved in language and in smell.
- 8occipital lobeOne of the four main lobes of each cerebral hemisphere, lying to the back of the cerebral cortex. Primarily responsible for receiving and processing visual stimuli.
- 9prefrontal cortexThe most anterior (forward) part of the cerebral cortex of each frontal lobe in the brain. It functions in attention, planning, working memory, and the expression of emotions and appropriate social behaviours; its development in humans parallels improvement in cognitive control and behavioural inhibition as an individual grows into adulthood.
- 10executive functionsHigher level cognitive processes of planning, decision making, problem solving, organization, and inhibition of competing impulses, among others. Associated with neural networks that include the frontal lobe, particularly the prefrontal cortex.
- 11motor cortexThe region of the frontal lobe of the brain responsible for the control of voluntary movement. It is divided into two parts. The primary motor cortex responsible for voluntary muscle movement and the motor association cortex responsible for planning upcoming movements and learning new movements.
- 12somatosensory cortexThe region of the parietal lobe of the brain responsible for somatic sensation. It is divided into two parts. The primary somatosensory cortex is responsible for awareness of sensation. The somatosensory association cortex is responsible for recognizing, analyzing, and memory of sensations.
- 13auditory cortexThe region of the temporal lobe of the brain responsible for auditory stimuli. It is divided into two parts. The primary auditory cortex is responsible for the awareness of auditory stimuli and the auditory association cortex which is responsible for recognizing, analyzing, and memory of sounds.
- 14visual cortexThe region of the occipital lobe of the brain responsible for visual stimuli. It is divided into two parts. The primary visual cortex is responsible for awareness of visual stimuli and the visual association cortex which is responsible for recognizing, analyzing, and memory of visual stimuli.
- 15association areasAreas of the cerebral cortex that are not involve in primary motor or sensory functions. They are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking.
- 16Paul BrocaFrench physician who is most famous for his discovery of the speech production centre of the brain located in the frontal lobes (now known as the Broca's area).
- 17Broca's areaA region of the frontal lobe that is associated with the production of speech. It is located on the left hemisphere of right-handed and of most left-handed individuals. [discovered in the 1860s and studied and researched by Paul Broca].
- 18Broca's aphasiaBroca's aphasia is a type of aphasia characterized by a lack of fluency of speech, usually with preserved language comprehension.
- 19Carl WernickeA German physician whose work led to our understanding of the areas of the brain responsible for the understanding and production of meaningful speech.
- 20Wernicke's Areaa region toward the back of the temporal lobe of the left hemisphere of the cerebrum containing nerve tissue associated with the language comprehension and expression.
- 21Wernicke's aphasiaWernicke's aphasia causes difficulty speaking in coherent sentences or understanding others' speech. Wernicke's aphasia is the most common type of fluent aphasia.
- 22neuroplasticityThe brain's ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience.
- 23neurogenesisThe formation of new neurons.
- 24cognitive neural prostheticsCognitive neural prosthetics record activity related to higher level cognitive processes that organize behaviour. Recordings of neural activity are used to decode the state of the subject, their goals and the expected
value they place on those goals. Decoding these and other cognitive processes directly means patients can have new
ways to control their prosthetic device and their control can be more flexible.
Information
- Description
- Grade 12 Psychology (Archived) Flashcards on Unit 2 - Module 12: The Brain - The Cerebral Cortex, created by Greg MacPherson on 24/10/2021.
- Created by
- Greg MacPherson
- Views
- 449
- Rating