Flashcards
Learning and Performance-Mrs Smith
Cards in this deck (29)
- 1LearningA permanent change in behaviour linked to practice
- 2PerformanceMay be thought as a temporary occurrence, fluctuating from time to time because of many potentially operating variables
- 3Cognitive stage of LearningIt is the first stage of learning used by a novice where understanding and sub routines are explored by trial and error
- 4Cognitive stage of Learning descriptionTrial and error may be used to find the correct method
Movement may lack coordination
An accurate demonstration is necessary which the performer will copy
The performer begins to create a mental image of how the skill is meant to be performed-mental rehearsal is required-All their attention is used to work out the main components of the skill
Motor programmes are not yet formed - 5Cognitive stage of Learning FeedbackPerformer is reliant on extrinsic feedback from coach to highlight strengths and weaknesses
Should be positive so performer will persevere with learning process
Some knowledge of results can be used so successful actions can be repeated and unsuccessful ones can be corrected - 6Associative stage of LearningSecond stage of learning as motor programmes are developed and performance is smoother
- 7Associative stage of Learning descriptionTrial and error may be used
Movement appears more smoother and coordinated
Demos, positive feedback and mental rehearsal are still required to aid learning
The performer should continue to practice and model their actions on skilled athletes
They can now focus on finer aspects of the skill
Motor programmes start to be formed - 8Associative stage of Learning FeedbackExtrinsic feedback is still used to refine actions
Performer begins to use knowledge of performance
Performer begins to develop kinaesthesis and use intrinsic feedback to correct actions - 9Autonomous stage of LearningFinal stage of learning used by an expert when movements are detailed and specific
- 10Autonomous stage of Learning descriptionStill important to use mental rehearsal and practice to stay at this level
Skills are executed automatically without thinking of subroutines as movements are are fluent, efficient and have become habitual due to extensive practice
Performer concentrates on finer detail, tactics and advanced strategies
Motor programmes are fully formed - 11Autonomous stage of Learning FeedbackPerformer uses intrinsic feedback to correct actions by means of kinaesthesis
extrinsic feedback could be negative to aid error correction
Performer uses knowledge of performance to determine whether actions are successful or unsuccessful - 12Causes of plateau and their solutions-BoredomBoredom-repetitive nature of a closed skill
Coach could use different practices - 13Causes of plateau and their solutions-Lack of MotivationLack of incentives or extrinsic rewards may cause loss of drive
Coach should offer more praise - 14Causes of plateau and their solutions-Limit of AbilityMay not improve as they have reached their extent of that ability
Coach could explain the concept of plateau - 15Causes of plateau and their solutions-FatigueContinuous actions for a long period of time could cause tiredness
Rest - 16Causes of plateau and their solutions-CoachingCoach may give incorrect instructions or use incorrect practice methods
Switch to a different coach - 17Causes of plateau and their solutions-Targets set too lowTask does not allow performer to use full range of skills-limited task
Make new goals and use skill that would allow them to reach these - 18Guidance methodsVerbal-used alongside visual-beginners
used in autonomous and shouldn't speak for so long-encourage Q and A
Visual-gives clear mental image of skill and highlights key aspects of performances
Manual and Mechanical-reduces danger and fear and also gets a feel of movement(kinaesthesis)-increases confidence particularly in cognitive performers - 19Verbal guidance advantages and disadvantagesAdvantages-form of feedback
-motivates performer
-holds their attention
Disadvantages-info overload
-could be interpreted wrong - 20Visual guidance advantages and disadvantagesAdvantages-creates mental image
-skill can be shown in different stages
-highlights weaknesses and encourages observational learning
Disadvantages-Demo could be incorrect
-learner must be capable of copying
-coach may not be capable of doing it and it may be too quick - 21Manual and Mechanical guidance advantages and disadvantagesAdvantages-Builds confidence
-reduced danger and fear
-develops kinaesthesis
-supports part practice methods
Disadvantages-may become reliant
-False sense of kinaesthesis
reduction in learners control and reduction of intrinsic feedback - 22Operant ConditioningManipulates the environment
Based on trial and error which strengthens correct responses and weakens incorrect responses
Shapes behaviour by use of punishment, positive and negative reinforcement - 23Banduras social learning theory Banduras ARMM-AttentionAttention-means learner must give careful and specific attention to the model
Coach should-make it clear, bright and successful
-point out its function
-make sure demo is accurate - 24Banduras social learning theory Banduras ARMM-RetentionProcess of remembering modelled behaviour
It is the ability to retain the skill in memory and retain it when needed
Coach should-make learning interesting, meaningful and relevant
-repeat it and use role models - 25Banduras social learning theory Banduras ARMM-Motor ReproductionIt means having the capability to do the task
Coach should-allow success and set realistic tasks - 26Banduras social learning theory Banduras ARMM-MotivationIt means the drive needed for the task
Coach should use praise, rewards, encouragement and positive feedback - 27Constructivism-VygotskyLearning by building what we know and by learning from others via socialisation
3 stages:
1-What can I do alone?
2-What can I do with help?
3-What cant I yet do?
Each stage can be adjusted as learning takes place
Zone of proximal development means what do I need to learn next - 28Insight/Cognitive stage of learningIt involves thinking and understanding
It also means working out solutions and problem solving
It involves seeing skill as a whole
It works because:
-Gives motivation from self satisfaction
-Provides a role for each player
-It is better than being told - 29Insight Learning-promotes understanding
-provides solutions
-uses whole task
-develops thinking
-gives role to player
-gives self satisfaction
-better than being told
-gives intrinsic motivation
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- A level Physical Education (PE) Flashcards on Learning and Performance-Mrs Smith, created by Abdurrahman Nana on 09/11/2021.
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- Abdurrahman Nana
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