Flashcards
2nd quarter sci exam study
Cards in this deck (57)
- 1matteranything that occupies space, has mass
made of atoms - 2subatomic particlesneutrons, protons, electrons
- 3outermost orbital of an atomvalence shell
- 4center of an atomnucleus
- 5states that as an orbital can contain a maximum of only two electrons, the two electrons must have opposing spins.Pauli Exclusion Principle
- 6who and when introduced the periodic tableDmitri Mendeleev in 1869
- 7what are rows called when referring to the periodic tableperiods
- 8what are columns called when referring to the periodic tablegroups
- 9size of an atomatomic radius
- 10in what way does atomic radius increase (direction)increases from top to bottom, and right to left
- 11why does atomic radius increaseincreases because we add shells
adds one more proton in nucleus - 12energy required to remove an electron from an atomionization energy
- 13i.e. increases from...increases from bottom to top, left to right
- 14how much an atom wants to gain an electronelectron affinity
- 15opposite of ionization energyelectron affinity
- 16what does it mean if an element has low i.e.if it has low i.e., it requires less energy to give away an electron (easier).
- 17in which way does electron affinity increasesame with i.e., increases from bottom to top, and left to right
- 18why do atoms lose or gain electrons?to attain stability
- 19refers to the ability of an atom to attract shared electrons in a covalent bond. - ability of an atom to hold other electrons tightlyElectronegativity
- 20states that there is inherent uncertainty in the act of measuring a variable of a particle.Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle
- 21why do electrons keep on movingbecause they have tons of energy (those energy allows the ability to bond with other atoms)
- 22to know the distribution of electronselectron configuration
- 23tates that electron transfer or electron sharing proceeds until an atom has acquired an octet of electronsoctet rule
- 24the location and energy of every electron in an atom is determined by?a set of 4 quantum numbers that describe different atomic orbitals
- 25a region of probability where an electron can be foundorbital
- 26kinds of orbitalss,p,d,f
- 27who proposed the quantum mechanical modelerwin schrödinger
- 28it is said that electrons act as ___waves
- 29to identify the amount of energy electrons have to movequantum mechanical model
- 30quantum mechanical model states 3 things:1. we can qualify the energy in an atom
2. existence of energy of electrons give them properties of waves/ a wave like property
3. we cannot determine the exact location of an electron in an atom - 31the lowest possible energy level that the atom can occupy isground state
- 32is an energy level of an atom, ion, or molecule in which an electron is at a higher energy level than its ground stateexcited state
- 33types of orbitals,p,d,f
- 34what is the name and shape of the s orbitalname: sharp
shape: sphere - 35what is the name and shape of the p orbitalname: principal
shape: dumbell/bowtie - 36what is the name and shape of the d orbitalname: diffused
shape: four leaf clover, an hourglass, and a ring - 37what is the name and shape of the f orbitalname: fundamental
shape: to complex to represent - 38used to describe an electron in an orbital by a given orbitalquantum numbers
- 39what are the four quantum numbersprincipal, azimuthal, magentic, and spin
- 40principal quantum number's symbol, values, and propertysymbol: n
value: positive integers
property: orbital size and energy level - 41azimuthal quantum number's symbol, values, and propertysymbol: l
value: 0 to n-1
property: orbital shape - 42magnetic quantum number's symbol, values, and propertysymbol: m sub l
value: integers -l to +l
property: orbital orientation - 43spin quantum number's symbol, values, and propertysymbol: m sub s
value: -1/2 or +1/2
property: electron spin direction - 44states that in ground state of an ion, electrons fill atomic orbitals of lowest available energy levels before occupying higher levels.Build up principle (Aufbau)
- 45what is bonding in chemistrymakes molecules
- 46why do atoms need to be stablethey wont function well if not stable
- 47how do atoms stabilize themselvesby bonding, chemical bond
- 483 types of bondingionic, covalent, metallic bond
- 49bond wherein one atom gives and one atom receives electronionic bond
- 50bond wherein atoms share in order to be stablecovalent bonding
- 51bond wherein electron pulling occursmetallic bonding
- 52chemical formula tells us:1. the type of atoms present
2. the number of atoms present
3. the type of compound - 53is a small number that is in a chemical formula.subscript
- 54unbalanced chargesion
- 55positive ionscations
- 56negative ionsanion
- 57types of chemical structureslewis electron dot structure (leds) and skeletal structure
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- Flashcards on 2nd quarter sci exam study, created by Jasmine Compañero on 05/12/2021.
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