Flashcards

Information Processing

Abdurrahman Nana Physical Education (PE) A level English 26 cards

Cards in this deck (26)

15 Senses of SportExternal:
Vision
Hearing
Internal:
Touch
Balance
Kinaesthesis
2Order of Information ProcessingIt starts from the environment to response and feedback at the end
3Environment ,Display and SensesThis is the surroundings from which information is collected
The display is the sporting environment which contains information that is collected by senses
4Perceptual MechanismThis is the information collected from the senses which is then filtered by selective attention into relevant and irrelevant stimuli
5Selective Attention-It is important as it prevents information overload and allows performer to concentrate on important cues
-leads to faster decision making and sends the information to the memory
-can improve by practice to stimulus, focusing on mental practice and motivation and by highlighting cues which make the stimulus more intense-also could train with distractions
6Translatory Mechanism, DCR and MemoryTranslatory mechanisms adapt and compare information to memory so decisions can be made
DCR-Detection-Comparison-Recognition
Memory-Storage, recognition and transfer of information between memory stores
7Effector Mechanism and Muscular SystemsThe network of nerves that send impulses from the brain to the working muscles
The muscles respond by contracting during movement
8Response and FeedbackResponse is the action
Feedback is information after the response to aid error correction
9Working Memory Model-Central executiveThis controls incoming information from the senses and sends to the choice of three sub systems which are the phonological loop, the visuospatial sketchpad and the episodic buffer
10Working Memory Model-Phonological LoopThis deals with auditory information and forms memory traces which are initial mental ideas of the skill which are sent to the LTM where they trigger motor programmes
11Working Memory Model-Visuospatial SketchpadThis deals with visual information-movement and kinaesthesis-it gives an understanding of the feel of movement
12Working Memory Model-Episodic BufferThis coordinates information into sequences and links them to the LTM
-These sequences are the starting of the initiation of the motor programmes which are patterns of the whole skill that can be used to produce movement
13LTM-Holds unlimited information
-stored as motor programmes
-Lasts a lifetime
-receives and returns information from working memory
-compares memory traces
14Working Memory-can only work with around 7 pieces of information at once due to information overload which selective attention reduces
-has a time scale of 30 secs where information is either lost or used
-important information can be stored in the LTM where a more permanent trace of the skill with all its components can be formed
15AnticipationAnticipation is pre-judging a stimulus
2 types:
-Spatial-Where and What?
-Temporal-When?
16How can you make sure information is stored in the LTM?-Mental Practice: useful to remember the sequence of a skill and makes it less likely for the performer to forget
-Association with other information
-Focus: Ensuring that the performer concentrates even during distractions allows selective attention to kick in which helps get info stored in the LTM
-Chunking: Breaking down the task into parts can help prevent info overload
-Extrinsic and Intrinsic rewards: can motivate performer to want to remember the actions
-Chaining: where items of info are linked to each other
-Repetition: repeated practice to the stimuli help ensure skills are coded and stored as motor programmes
17Reaction TimeReaction time-Onset of stimulus to onset of movement
Movement time-start to completion of task
Response time-onset of stimulus to completion of task
Response time-reaction time + movement time
18Hicks Lawmore choices-slower reaction time
but rate of increase in reaction time decreases with increasing choice
19Factors affecting reaction time-Age
-Gender
-Drugs/Alcohol
-Experience
-Stimulus intensity
Fitness
-Length of neural pathways
20Single channel hypothesis and Psychological Refractory period-States that only 1 stimulus can be processed at once-A 2nd one cannot be processed until after the 1st one
-refractory period is when the 2nd stimulus presented before the 1st causes a delay
21Improve reaction time by...-focusing
mental practice
-practicing to the stimulus
-become fitter
-train with distractions
-anticipate by making the stimulus intense
22Improve response time by...-Practice: more you respond to a stimulus-faster reaction time
-selective attention: more concentration onto relevant info-faster reaction time
-mental rehearsal: going over performance in the head stimulates muscles that would be used for movement
-Experience:
gives you more insight and awareness of stimuli being presented meaning that you can detect them faster
-warm up: if body and mind prepared-faster reactions
-Optimum arousal: if you are at the peak of the arousal-more likely to respond quicker
-try anticipating and detecting cues based on opponents movement
23Schema--rule or concept
-an adapted motor programme that can be used in different situations
-skill specific yet sporting generalisation
24Recall schema1: Initial conditions-Where am I? Environment and limb position
2: Response specifications-What is expected? options available-speed, force distance-etc
25Recognition Schema3: Sensory consequences-involves gathering info regarding movement using intrinsic feedback or kinesthesis
4: Response outcome-involves gathering info concerning result of movement-Was it successful or not?
26To promote schema...-Vary practice
-give plenty of info
-give plenty of feedback
-motivate player
-point out transferrable elements of the task

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Description: A level Physical Education (PE) Flashcards on Information Processing, created by Abdurrahman Nana on 13/12/2021.
Created by: Abdurrahman Nana
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