Flashcards
Bio 2, Introduction
Cards in this deck (19)
- 1Phylogenesisthe evolutionary development and diversification of a species or group of organisms, or of a particular feature of an organism
- 2Ontogenesisthe development of an individual organism or anatomical or behavioral feature from the earliest stage to maturity
- 3Phylogenies __________summarize data on evolutionary history
- 4Two approaches for estimating phylogenies>Phenetic approach
>Cladistic approach - 5What does a fossil record provide direct evidence of?Provides only direct evidence of:
" Physical morphologies
" Where they lived
" When they lived - 6The most likely pattern implies the ___________.Least amount of change.
- 7What is a feature of the best phylogenetic tree?Fewest evolutionary
changes most accurately
depicts reality - 8Homoplasy isin biology and phylogenetics, is when a trait has been gained or lost independently in separate lineages over the course of evolution
- 9genetic driftvariation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population, owing to the chance disappearance of particular genes as individuals die or do not reproduce
- 10Who was Jean Baptise de LamarckFirst to propose formal theory of evolution
Thought that traits acquired in life were passed on
Those most fit to survive are more likely to reproduce - 11What did Darwin infer about evolution on the Galapagos IslandsThat natural selection caused speciation
- 12Briefly summarize Darwin's conclusionsPopulation: not individual(typological)
New species formed via natural selection
Fitness=ability to survive, gather food, defend and reproduce - 13Alfred Wallace ____________independently came up with the theory of species emergence
speciation by environmental pressures
encouraged Darwin in his findings - 14Briefly summarize the Darwin-Wallace Theory! Species are not static
! Species’ change through time is not linear
! Utilizes population rather than typological thinking
! It was scientific, not philosophical
" Made predictions
" Tested through experimentation - 15Darwin's four postulates of natural selection1. Individuals’ traits in populations vary
2. Traits are heritable
3. More offspring produced than can
survive
4. Those “most fit” more likely to
reproduce - 16Evidence of change through timeTransitional forms
-Intermediate b/n
early and late forms
of phenotype
-If traits of recent sp.
came from earlier sp.
Intermediate forms
expected (*not a sudden jump in change/transformation) - 17What is a vestigial function/organ?>Reduced structure in organism that has no function
>Structurally related to functioning structure of related
species - 18Evolution is not-Goal oriented
-Typological
-Progressive*
- *Doesn’t make “better”
-favor simpler or more
complex organisms
-traits are routinely lost - 19—