Flashcards
PHYS DYS 1
Cards in this deck (82)
- 1Trigeminal nerve C5branches include ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve, and mandibular nerve with supplies to the teeth, lips, eyes. Tic douloureux- is abnormal spasm of this nere known as suicidal disease
- 2Facial nerve C7supplies the lacrimal, sublingual, submandibular glands. supplies 2/3 taste to the tongue. motor fibers to the muscles
- 3what are the divisions of the neck?SCM is divided into 2 triangles & 3 zones innervated by the spinal accessory CN11.
zones of the neck include Cricoid to clavicle
clavicle to mandible and mandible to mastoid - 4The medial triangle of the SCM contains?Thyroid, larynx, pharynx, crocoid cartliage, hypid bone, trachea, fat, anterior cervical lymph nodes, submandibular salvary glands
- 5The posterior triangle of the SCM contains?SCM, trapezius, clavicle, containing posterior cervical lymph nodes
- 6Which lymph node can be felt if there is malignancy ?Supraclavicular node (aka sentinel node), there is also the virchow's node seen in intra abdominal (GI) or breast malignancy
- 7What is the most common symptom/sign of the neck?****A lump or a swelling
- 8When you think of the age of patients what may you expect to see?younger than 20-thyroglossal cyst
20-40- thyroid disease or lymphoma
over 40 think of malignancy - 9what does the indication of a mass indicate?normally if it's a midline mass it is usually benign/congenital lesion. if the mass is lateral may be metastatic from another site
- 10What is the most common congenital lesions in adults?***Branchial cleft cyst (a benign lateral neck mass) congenital remnant from birth. failure of fusion of the second brachial cleft
- 11what is a thyroglossal duct?****can arise anywhere along the route of thyroid gland decent from tongue to adult location in the neck. painless, moves when tongue moves can cause dysphagia and dyspnea.
- 12what is a cystic hygroma?most common in turners (13, 18, 21) and down's chromosome disorders. malformation of lymphatic channels
- 13What is a teratoma?common in children, composed of various embryonic cells (teeth, hair)
- 14What is the cause of neck stiffness?***spasm of cervical muscles tension headaches, referred pain from chest (MI, angina), bacterial and viral meningitis
- 15how would you perform a head and neck exam?**with patient seated facing you
- 16what is the tracheal plug?****if trachea is fixed (cancer, TB) of downward tugging (oliver's tracheal sign) may indicate aneurysm of the aorta
- 17if tracheal push towards the affected sideatelectasis, fibrosis, volume loss
- 18Deviation away from affected side?pleural effusions, pneumothorax, thyroid enlargement
- 19If your thyroid is enlarged what should you auscultate for?***auscultate with bell for bruits
it is important to know that is very hard to feel thyroid in a normal state*** check for vascular sounds (clinical correlation. thyroid disease) - 20Who is bruits most common in ?in children up to 5 years of age
- 21When examining an infant's neck what should you look for?fontanelle suture lines head circum, head position movement, thyroid goiter
- 22when examining a pregnant woman neck what should you look forchloasma/melasma, hypertrophy of thyroid, and thyroid bruit
- 23what of for an older patient?want to evaluate facies, evaluate ROM, palpate for thyroid irregularities
- 24what are clinical correlations with the head?headaches
migraine (classic common)
muscular tension can be episodic (mild to moderate)
chronic (throbbing pain)
temporal arteritis - 25What are some causes of facies?Cushing's syndrome (moon face)
Myxedema (swelling of the skin due to hypothyroidism)
Hyperthyroidism stare (lid lag and exopathmous (graves disease)
Acromegaly (increase in GH, coarse facial features)
Nephrotic syndrome (massive renal loss of protein leading to peri-orbital edema)
down syndrome (depressed nasal bridge)
parkinson (tremor, frequent blinking) - 26most common salivary gland tumor?parotid gland
- 27what is hashimoto disease?chronic autoimmune disease
- 28what is hyperthroidism?excessive weight gain, intolerance to warm, anxious, nervousness, prominence of eyeballs, hair thinning, warm skin
- 29what is hypothyrodism?weight gain, intolerance to cold, thick dry skin, hair loss
- 30what is graves disease?TOXIC DIFFUSE GOITER*** hyperthyroidism, myopathy. Graves is more acute. Exophthalmos
- 31what is plummers diseasetoxic adenomatous goiter, insidious (takes a while to creep up) lid lag retraction. Frequent A-FIB**
- 32when doing a PE what are 4 important things that should be noted?Inspection
percussion
auscultation
palpation - 33when inspecting a patient what are the important things?you want to have adequate lighting, unhurried yet careful inspection and validation of finding with patient
- 34What are the techniques of percussion?it can be direct, indirect and fist
- 35what are some percussion tonesHyperresonance (very loud, low pitch, booming)
resonance ( loud, low & hollow)
Dullness (soft moderate, thud like)
flatness( soft, high, dull) - 36when palpating a patient you should ensure?that your hands are warm, fingernails are cut short, gentle approach and appropriate hand surface, access temp, rigidity and turgor
- 37When conducting a PE it is important to?**inform patient in advance of the approx time allotted
- 38what is an incidence?**number of specified new events, in a specific period in a specific population
- 39what is prevalence?**number of cases of a disease existing in a given population at a particular moment in time
- 40what is the sensitivity test?***proportion of ppl who will have a disease and test postive
- 41what is the specificity test ?***number of ppl who would nOT have the disease and test negative
- 42what is a sign?any abnormal finding during PE (objective finding)
- 43what is a symptom?anything that is subjective to the patient
- 44what does universal precautions indicate?blood and bodily fluid applies to all people, emphasize PPE making sure to use gloves! mark blood specimens
- 45what it body substance BSI?it is the isolatio of all moist and potentially infectious body substances regardless of presuemd infection status. Gloves are the primary means of prevention.
- 46what is standard precautions (UP & BSI)?***it was designed to reduce transmission in hospitals for all hosptalized patients. Applies to all blood, all body fluids sharps and labeling
- 47what is transmission-based precautions?this is designed for the care of patients with known or suspected to be infected with important pathogens ot droplet transmission or by contact with dry skin or contaminated surfaces
- 48what is body substance isolation?***its the protection from patients contagious disease (gown, mask and gloves)
- 49what is reverse isolation?***protection of the patient from health care worker disease and nosocomial infection (gown, mask, gloves)
- 50what does a general complete physical exam consist of?its a general exam from head to toe, yearly used to detect and pevent disease in asymptomatic men and women
- 51what is a screening exam?used to screen for certain disease and conditions
- 52what is a problem oriented exam?***most common exam in medicine, investigate pressing problem and begin diagnosis. including pertinent negatives and postives
- 53how should you sequence the exam?***this is to minimize the need to change positions and maximize examiner's efficiency. usually move from head to toe and avoid moving from feet, genitalia or rectum to face or mouth or from rectum to vagina.
- 54what is dorsal recumbent?**.
- 55what is lateral recumbent?**,
- 56what is lithotomy?**/
- 57what is sims?**.
- 58what is tangential lighting?**it is secondary lighting it's great for inspecting jugular venous pulse, thyroid gland and apical impulse of heart
- 59WHat is the general survey?**continues throughout the exam such as weight, height/growth. sexual maturity, posture, grooming, personal hygiene, facial reactions manner of speaking and state of awareness
- 60Vital signs should be accessed how?***ensure that patient is sitting on the edge of the bed unless position is contradicted.
- 61how can you inspect the the thyroid?**you should move behind the sitting patient to feel the thyroid gland and examine back, posterior throax and lungs
- 62in order to inspect the JVP what is the proper procedure?**turn the head of the bed 30 degrees for CV exam, have patient roll on left side to listen to their apex and then on back to listen to the rest of their heart, lastly patient should sit lean forward and exhale while listening for murmur of aortic regurgitation
- 63when inspecting the abdomen what is the proper procedure?****lower head of the bed to flat postio supine
- 64what is the proper position for inspecting the rectal examination for men?**have patient lie on left side fro rectal stand or may bend over laying chest on bed
- 65what is the proper position for inspecting the genital examination for women?**patient should be supine in lithotomy position
- 66while in supine position and examining the legs what 3 systems should you access?***peripheral vascular- note any swelling, pitting edema and palpate inguinal nodes
musculoskeltal- note for any deformities or enlarged joints, check ROM
neurologic- osberve mucle bulk any abnormal movements - 67how should you access a mental status**you want to acess patients mood, abnormal perceptions, attention, information, vocab. when examining a hospital patient re arrange immediate enviorment to suit patient and retuen eerything to orginal place and position. wash hands and clean and dispose of any equipment
- 68vital statistics? ***vital stats is often done by least skilled personnel never hesitate to redo if the data is inconsistent
- 69childhood obesity is the?**number of overighweight children in the US increases over 50% in one generation medical complications with obesity include *sleep apnea, hypertension, dislipdemia, DM, self esteem, depresssion
- 70what is the most common nutritional disorder among american adults and children ?**obesity !! and it is also the leasing cause of preventable death after smoking
- 71When counseling patient what do you want to aim for?**weight loss of 10-15%
- 72what are the most common eating disorders?anorexia and bulimia
- 73when checking pulse what is important?***to count pulsation, note rhythmn, amplitude and contour.
- 74when evaluating respiration **counter number of resp cycles, rise an fall of chest in infants, regularity and rhythmn of breathing patterns and note depth of respirations and accessory muscle use
- 75what is the importance of manually taking pulse?**electronic kits senses vibrations and converets them into electrial impulses which are trasnlated into a digital read out. shoudl never be used to measure pulse in place of manually because the quality and rhythmn cannot be sensed. it is also importan to determine the size of cuff apporpiate for the patient
- 76what are the importance of BP cuffs?**cuffs to wide underestimate blood pressure
cuffs thats are too narrow will give an artfifically high measurmemnt avoid slow or repated inflation of cuff which can cause ebnous congestion and inaccurate readings. pause for 15 secs elevate for 1-2 secs - 77what is Chalazioninfection of the meiobomian gland
- 78the Oribicualris Occuliencircles the eye Facial Nerve CN7
- 79Levator Palpebrae?Elevates he EYE, Occulomotor 3
- 80Medial rectuseyes are gazing towards the middle adduction Occulmotoror 3
- 81Lateral rectusgazing outwards abduction CN 6 Abducens)
- 82Lacrimal Apparatusproduces tears drainiage of tears is as follows lacrimal gland-> puncta->canalculli ->lacrimal sac--> nasolacrimal duct--> inferior meatus
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- Flashcards on PHYS DYS 1, created by Sèyi Olayinka on 19/09/2015.
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- Sèyi Olayinka
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