Flashcards
1:4 Electrical Signals and Action potentials
Cards in this deck (43)
- 1NeurophysiologyThe study of electrical and chemcial processes within neurons
- 2NeurophysiologyT
- 3Electrical vs chemicalElectrical: within neurons
Chemical: between neurons - 4Purpose of neurophysiologyUnderstand how the brain receives, analyzes, and transmits info
- 5Electrical changesChanges in charge, brain's code
- 6Cells are more ____ charged on inside thn outsideNegatively
- 7AnionsNegative
- 8Cationspositive
- 9Cells are dissolved inintracellular fluid
- 10what is the electrical difference between the inside and outside of a cell at rest?Between -50 to -80 mV, average is -65 mV
- 11Diffusionthe spontaneous spread of molecules of one substance among molecules of another substance until a uniform concentration is achieved, K+
- 12Cell membrane is permeable to what ionsK+
- 13Na+/K+ pumpthe energetically expensive mechanism that pushes sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions in
- 14Electrostatic forcethe propensity of charged molecules or ions to move toward areas with the opposite charge, causes positive ions to move to negative inside of cell
- 15Equilibrium is reached at-65mV
- 16Action potentialthe propagated electrical message of a neuron that travels along the axon to the presynaptic axon terminals
- 17How do neurons communicateChanges in charge
- 18Hyperpolarizationchanging the resting membrane potential to more negative, evokes local potential
- 19Depolarizationchanging the resting membrane potential to more positive
- 20Action potential triggered at-40 mV
- 21Action potential reverses whatInside is now positive, outside is negative
- 22time of action potentials.5-2ms
- 23Voltage-gated Na+ channela Na+ selective channel that opens or closes in response to changes in the voltage of the local membrane potential and mediates the action potential
- 24Na+ equilibrium vs K+ equilibriumNa+: -40 mV
K+: -65 mV - 25What causes the voltage-gated Na+ channel to open?depolarization towards -40 mV
- 26Voltage-gated Na+ channel closes at+40 mV
- 27Cannot be more than ___ action potentials per second1200
- 28Refractory periodoccurs after an action potential during which the cell cannot trigger another action potential
- 29Absolute refractory perioda brief period of complete insensitivity to stimuli, caused by Na+ channels being unresponsive
- 30Reflective refractory perioda period of reduced sensitivity during which only strong stimulation produces and action potential, causes by hyperpolarization
- 31Where are action potentials triggeredAxon hillock
- 32When are action potentials regeneratedAs they travel down the axon
- 33How does myelin affect action potentialsActs as insulation to speed up process
- 34Speed boosts for action potentialsNodes of Ranvier
- 35Synaptic connectionsInterfaces between 2 nerve cells
- 36How do synapses change signalsElectrical signals in the presynaptic cell are translated into chemical signals
- 37Postsynaptic potentialA local potential that is initiated by stimulation at a synapse, can vary in amplitude, and spreads passively across the cell membrane, decreasing in strength with time and distance
- 38Excitatory postsyntaptic potentials (EPSP)Postsynaptic membrane is depolarized, increases chance of postsynaptic action potential being fired
- 39Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP)postsynaptic membrane is hyperpolarized, decreases chance of postsynaptic action potential being fired
- 40Function of postsynaptic potentialsTrigger action potentials in the postsynaptic cell and convey information from cell to cell
- 41What makes a synapse excitatory or inhibitoryWhich neurotransmitter the presynaptic neuron releases, which type of receptor the postsynaptic membrane contains
- 42Spatial summationthe summation of the axon hillock of postsynaptic potentials from across the cell body, if threshold is reached, action potential is triggered
- 43Temporal summationThe summation of postsynaptic potentials that reach the axon hillock at different times. Closer in time the potentials occur, the more complete the summation
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- Undergrad Intro to Behavioral Neuroscience (Exam 1) Flashcards on 1:4 Electrical Signals and Action potentials, created by Taylee O'Brien on 10/02/2022.
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- Taylee O'Brien
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