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Flashcards

L8 - The liver

Jack Rowe DARS Year 1 English 43 cards

Cards in this deck (43)

  1. 1explain the livers dual blood supplyliver has both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood supply
    - Oxy supplies the cells with nutrients
    - Deoxy venous blood from the intestines rich in nutrients for processing
  2. 2give the digestive function of the liverproduce bile used in lipid emulsiphication
  3. 3where is bile storedin the gall bladder
  4. 4how many lobes are there in the liver2
  5. 5which of the lobes of the liver are largerthe right lobe
  6. 6what is portal thrombosiswhen the portal vein from the intestines into the liver becomes blocked by a thrombus
  7. 7what is liver fibrosisscarring of the liver so that its no longer smooth
  8. 8what is an accessory lobea functional extra section of the liver which develops with no consequence to the person
  9. 9where is the gall bladder located in reference to the liverbehind the liver
  10. 10how many smaller lobes are there within the liver and what is special about them- there are 8 smaller lobes each with their own independent blood supply (both in and out)
    - bile drainage from the smaller lobes is also independent
  11. 11what does the liver's ability to regenerate help with therapeuticallycancerous tumours can be removed with a margin of healthy tissue which will Grow back in a few weeks
  12. 12what allows for the livers regenerationresident stem cells and hepatocytes
  13. 13what % of the hearts CO goes to the liver- 25% because needs a very high O2 supply
    - means if youre stabbed in the liver youre pretty much fucked :)
  14. 14what is the function of the livers connective tissue- provide structure and scaffolding for cellular growth
    - protects the liver
  15. 15what cells produce the livers connective tissuesatellite cells
  16. 16what allows cells to bind to connective tissuesglycoproteins
  17. 17what is the functional unit of the liverthe lobule
  18. 18explain the basic anatomy of the lobule- blood supply and bile drainage enters at exterior of lobule
    - mixture drains out the central vein in the middle of the lobule
  19. 19how does bile enter the gall bladderthrough the common bile duct
  20. 20why are cells closer to the central vein more stressed than the ones at the exteriorbecause theyre further from the supply of nutrients so environment is more hypoxic
  21. 21what is the function of macrophages in the liverpatrol the lobules to fight pathogens
  22. 22what happens if the liver undergoes fibrosis and cirrhosisdistruption of the lobular architecture due to build up of connective tissue
  23. 23what is the scale of severity used for lobular fibrosisF1 - fibrosis begins expanding
    F3 - joining up of scar tissue between lobules
    F4- irreversibly fucked (islands of hepatocytes separates by fibres)
  24. 24explain the polarisation of the hepatocytespolarised cell where different parts of the cell have different uptake and excretion functions
  25. 25comment on the mitotic index of hepatocytesvery low with slow turnover and long lives
  26. 26what is bilary epitheliumcells which line bile ducts between hepatocytes to collect bile
  27. 27what is canaliculismall spaces between hepatocytes which eventually become bile ducts
  28. 28what is the structure of bilary epitheilumpolarised cuboidal or columnar epithelial cells
  29. 29why do bilary epithelium have tight structures and many tight junctionsto make sure bile remains in duct
  30. 30can the ducts modify the contents often bileyessssssssssir
  31. 31what are kupfer cellshepatic macrophages located in the sinusoids which are very motile
  32. 32what are satellite cells in the liverfat storing cells which have a star shaped morphology
  33. 33give the functions and importance of satellite cells- can regulate vascular tone
    - during disease they become more like fibroblast cells which are involved in fibrosis as they produce extracellular matrix
  34. 34explain the carbohydrate and fat metabolic functions of the liver- glycogen can be stored in hepatocytes and then broken down into glucose when needed
    - fats can be stored in satellite cells
  35. 35explain the cholesterol synthesis function of the liverliver converts lipids into cholesterol to be used in cell membranes and steroid hormones
  36. 36what enzyme is used in cholesterol synthessisHMG- CoA reductase
  37. 37what is bile made fromold material recycled from around the body e.g bilirubin
  38. 38explain the detoxification function of the liverremoval of drugs n alcohol from the blood which is then excreted in bile or urine
  39. 39what is the first phase of liver detoxificationmetabolite is oxidised by enzymes such as p450
  40. 40explain phase 2 detoxificationmetabolites are conjugated to make them water soluble
  41. 41explain the immune function of the liver- kupfer cells protect the body against blood borne pathogens
  42. 42what is immune tolerance?the ability to distinguish between food and foreign pathogens so that there is no immune response to food unless its infected
  43. 43where in lobules do lymphocytes tend to sitaround the portal area where blood enters

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Year 1 DARS Flashcards on L8 - The liver, created by Jack Rowe on 10/04/2022.
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Jack Rowe
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