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PNB 2265 Practical 2 part 1

Nicole Servetnik English 5.0Average rating 5.0 out of 5 (1 rating) 200 cards

what is 2

Cards in this deck (200)

  1. 1This is a thin layer of tissue that lines the pleural cavity to reduce friction for the constantly moving lungs that rub against the thoracic wallpleural membrane
  2. 2This is a fluid-filled space to maintain surface tension in the lungspleural cavity
  3. 3this pleura lines the thoracic wall of the lungsparietal
  4. 4this pleura covers the surface of the lungsvisceral
  5. 5what is 1pleural membranewhat is 1
  6. 6what is 2pleural cavitywhat is 2
  7. 7what is 3parietal pleurawhat is 3
  8. 8what is 4visceral pleurawhat is 4
  9. 9the right lung has how many lobes3
  10. 10the left lung has how many lobes and why2, the heart is located towards the left of the thoracic cavity
  11. 11what is 1superior lobewhat is 1
  12. 12what is 2inferior lobewhat is 2
  13. 13what is 3middle lobewhat is 3
  14. 14what is 4horizontal fissurewhat is 4
  15. 15what is 5apex (top of lung)what is 5
  16. 16what is 6oblique fissurewhat is 6
  17. 17what is 7base (bottom of lung)what is 7
  18. 18this is a tubular passageway for air. it is located anterior to the esophagus and extends from the larynx to the superior border of the T5 vertebra, where it divides into left and right primary bronchitrachea
  19. 19this is the only hyaline cartilage ring to completely surround the tracheacricoid
  20. 20this attaches the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bonethyrohyoid membrane
  21. 21what is 1thyrohyoid membranewhat is 1
  22. 22what is 2thyroid cartilagewhat is 2
  23. 23what is 3cricoid cartilagewhat is 3
  24. 24what is 4tracheal cartilagewhat is 4
  25. 25what is 5cricothyroid membranewhat is 5
  26. 26this zone provides a passage for air to be carried into the lungsconducting zone
  27. 27this zone is the site of gas exchange between the air and blood cellsrespiratory zone
  28. 28what is 1main bronchiwhat is 1
  29. 29what is 2lobar bronchuswhat is 2
  30. 30what is 3segmental bronchuswhat is 3
  31. 31what is 4alveoliwhat is 4
  32. 32what is 5alveolar sacwhat is 5
  33. 33what is 6respiratory bronchiolewhat is 6
  34. 34what is 7terminal bronchiolewhat is 7
  35. 35this is the most distal portion of the respiratory zone where gas exchange occurs. these hollow sacs fill with air during inhalation providing a large surface area to volume ratio for efficient gas exchangealveoli
  36. 36this stimulation to the lungs allows for bronchodilaton, to encourage more air into the lungs for gas exchange during a "fight-or-flight" responsesympathetic stimulation
  37. 37this stimulation to the lungs causes bronchiole constriction, to decrease the amount of gas exchange in the lungs during a "rest-or-digest" responseparasympathetic stimulation
  38. 38what is 1tracheawhat is 1
  39. 39what is 2carinawhat is 2
  40. 40what is 3left main bronchuswhat is 3
  41. 41what is 4right main bronchuswhat is 4
  42. 42what is 5pulmonary arterywhat is 5
  43. 43what is 6pulmonary veinswhat is 6
  44. 44what is 1superior lobewhat is 1
  45. 45what is 2oblique fissurewhat is 2
  46. 46what is 3middle lobewhat is 3
  47. 47what is 4inferior lobewhat is 4
  48. 48what is 5apexwhat is 5
  49. 49what is 6horizontal fissurewhat is 6
  50. 50what is 7basewhat is 7
  51. 51what is 1segmental (tertiary) bronchuswhat is 1
  52. 52what is 2lobar (secondary) bronchuswhat is 2
  53. 53what is the order of branching of the bronchial treetrachea -> primary bronchi -> secondary bronchi -> tertiary bronchi -> bronchioles -> terminal bronchioles
  54. 54what is 1oral cavitywhat is 1
  55. 55what is 2larynxwhat is 2
  56. 56what is 3tracheawhat is 3
  57. 57what is 4primary bronchuswhat is 4
  58. 58what is 5nasal cavitywhat is 5
  59. 59what is 6pharynxwhat is 6
  60. 60what is 7esophaguswhat is 7
  61. 61what is 8respiratory bronchiolewhat is 8
  62. 62what is 9alveoluswhat is 9
  63. 63what is 10alveolar sacwhat is 10
  64. 64what is 1vocal (true) foldwhat is 1
  65. 65what is 2vestibular (false) vocal fordwhat is 2
  66. 66does the true vocal fold or the false vocal fold contain skeletal muscletrue vocal fold
  67. 67what is this histology showingtracheawhat is this histology showing
  68. 68what is 1terminal bronchioles and alveoliwhat is 1
  69. 69what is 2primary bronchuswhat is 2
  70. 70what is 1capillarywhat is 1
  71. 71what is 2alveolar ductwhat is 2
  72. 72what is 3terminal bronchiolewhat is 3
  73. 73what is 4arteriolewhat is 4
  74. 74what is 5epithelial cellswhat is 5
  75. 75what type of lung tissue is thisnormal lung tissuewhat type of lung tissue is this
  76. 76what type of lung tissue is thisemphysemawhat type of lung tissue is this
  77. 77what type of lung tissue is thistuberculosiswhat type of lung tissue is this
  78. 78the lungs are found in what cavitythoracic
  79. 79what type of connective tissue is in thyroid cartilagehyaline cartilage
  80. 80what cells form the alveolisimple squamous epithelium
  81. 81what is shown in greenexhalationwhat is shown in green
  82. 82what is shown in blacktidal volumewhat is shown in black
  83. 83during inhalation, the diaphragm (contracts/relaxes) and the external intercostal muscles (contract/relax) (diaphragm pulls downward)contracts, contract
  84. 84during exhalation, the diaphragm (contracts/relaxes) and the internal intercostal muscles (contract/relax) (diaphragm moves upward and returns to domelike shape)relaxes, contract
  85. 85the conducting airway consists of these structurestrachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
  86. 86the alveolar airway consists of these structuresrespiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs
  87. 87the cartilage rings that we saw holding open the trachea slowly disappear, in the bronchi we start to see cartilage plates rather than a full ring and by the time we reach this structure, the cartilage is completely gone and instead there is smooth musclebronchioles
  88. 88what is 1bronchiwhat is 1
  89. 89what is 2hyaline cartilagewhat is 2
  90. 90what is 3alveoliwhat is 3
  91. 91what is 4blood vesselwhat is 4
  92. 92what tissue does this picture shownormal lung tissuewhat tissue does this picture show
  93. 93this is a restrictive lung disease with fibrous scar tissue, destruction of alveoli, and low compliance (hard to inhale)tuberculosis
  94. 94this is an obstructive lung disease with the destruction of respiratory bronchioles and alveoli, and high compliance (hard to exhale)emphysema
  95. 95this is used to measure the amount of (volume) and/or speed (flow) of air that can be inhaled or exhaled and can be used to detect respiratory diseasesspirometry
  96. 96what is FEV1forced expiratory volume in the first second
  97. 97what is FVCforced vital capacity
  98. 98what is Atidal volumewhat is A
  99. 99what is Binspiratory reserve volumewhat is B
  100. 100what is Cexpiratory reserve volumewhat is C
  101. 101what is Dresidual volumewhat is D
  102. 102what is Evital capacitywhat is E
  103. 103what is Finspiratory capacitywhat is F
  104. 104what is Htotal lung capacitywhat is H
  105. 105tuberculosis (increases/decreases) the compliance and (increases/decreases) the volume of the lungdecreases, decreases
  106. 106this is the presence of air in the pleural space. intrapleural pressure, which is always negative, becomes positive and leads to collapse of lungspneumothorax
  107. 107there are these three types of pneumothoraxopen, closed, tension
  108. 108in this type of pneumothorax, the pleural cavity pressure is less than the atmospheric pressureclosed pneumothorax
  109. 109in this type of pneumothorax, the pleural cavity pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressureopen pneumothorax
  110. 110in this type of pneumothorax, the pleural cavity pressure is more than the atmospheric pressuretension pneumothorax
  111. 111patients that have emphysema have (increased/decreased) compliance and strong (external/internal) intercostal musclesincreased, internal
  112. 112are these restrictive or obstructive respiratory diseases? : polio myelitis, flail chest, paralysis of diaphragm, spinal cord diseases, pleural effusionrestrictive
  113. 113are these restrictive or obstructive respiratory diseases? : asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, cystic fibrosisobstructive
  114. 114what regulates CO2 concentrationlungs
  115. 115hypoventilation means an (increased/decreased) amount in CO2increased - acidosis
  116. 116hyperventilation means an (increased/decreased) amount in CO2decreased - alkalosis
  117. 117these maintain HCO3- levelskidneys
  118. 118a low HCO3- means (acidosis/alkalosis)acidosis
  119. 119a high HCO3- means (acidosis/alkalosis)alkalosis
  120. 120in the glucose transporter intestine lab, glucose transport occurred from which side to which sideoutside to inside
  121. 121A student generates the following line of best fit for his/her glucose standard curve: y = 0.0042x + 0.0198. What do x and y represent?x is concentration of glucose, y is absorbance
  122. 122what type of transport is the Na+ glucose (SGLT) symporter?secondary active transport
  123. 123what type of transport is the Na/K ATPase?primary active transport
  124. 124what type of transport is the GLUT2 transporter?facilitated diffusion
  125. 125this transporter is on the apical side of the intestinal epithelial cellSGLT
  126. 126these transporters are on the basolateral side of the intestinal epithelial cellNa/K ATPase and GLUT2
  127. 127this reduces glucose from chain form to ring form which allows us to use a spectrophotometer to measure absorbance levels because the ring form absorbs light at 540 nmDNS
  128. 128this uncouples the proton gradient across the mitochondrial membraneDNP
  129. 129glucose transport increases at the greatest amount in this conditionroom temperature
  130. 130glucose transport increases by a smaller amount in these conditionslow temperature, low sodium, DNP
  131. 131fructose is transported by this onlyfacilitated diffusion
  132. 132this graph shows what type of transportactive transport or facilitated diffusionthis graph shows what type of transport
  133. 133This is a bacteria that releases a chemical that causes diarrhea by opening of CTFR channels and causing ion loss of Cl and Na (importantly) and thus water loss (dehydration) (water follows ions, if ions leave the cell, water leaves with it)cholera
  134. 134how do you treat cholera toxingive patient a glucose rich solution to allow glucose (and by proxy H2O) to enter the cell via SGLT 1
  135. 135to calibrate the force transducer, a 5 gram weight is put on it which calibrates the force to49.03 mN
  136. 136if you add Ach to the ileum preparation, what happens to contraction?increases
  137. 137if you add histidine to the ileum preparation, what happens to contraction?decreases
  138. 138if you add nifedipine to the ileum preparation, what happens to contraction?decreases
  139. 139why does nifedipine decrease contractioninhibits calcium channels
  140. 140this is the innermost layer of the digestive systemmucosa
  141. 141the mucosa contains these three layersepithelial lining, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae
  142. 142this is a digestive tract layer deep to the mucosa that is composed of connective tissuesubmucosa
  143. 143this layer of the digestive tract consists of circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers that allow for the peristaltic movement of the digestive systemmuscularis externa
  144. 144this layer of the digestive tract is the outermost layer of connective tissue around the tubeserosa
  145. 145what is 1oral cavitywhat is 1
  146. 146what is 2esophaguswhat is 2
  147. 147what is 3liverwhat is 3
  148. 148what is 4ascending colonwhat is 4
  149. 149what is 5appendixwhat is 5
  150. 150what is 6salivary glandswhat is 6
  151. 151what is 7stomachwhat is 7
  152. 152what is 8pancreaswhat is 8
  153. 153what is 9small intestinewhat is 9
  154. 154what is 10rectumwhat is 10
  155. 155what is 1serosawhat is 1
  156. 156what is 2muscularis externawhat is 2
  157. 157what is 3submucosawhat is 3
  158. 158what is 4mucosawhat is 4
  159. 159this layer of the GI tract contracts to move contents through the GI tract via peristalsis and segmentationmuscularis
  160. 160this layer of the GI tract holds the GI tract in place within the abdomen via its connection to the mesenteryserosa
  161. 161this layer of the GI tract protects, secretes mucus, and mediates chemical digestion and absorptionmucosa
  162. 162this layer of the GI tract supplies blood and lymph vessels, and nerves to the tractsubmucosa
  163. 163what is this histology showingesophaguswhat is this histology showing
  164. 164the upper esophageal contains this muscleskeletal
  165. 165the middle esophagus contains this muscleskeletal and smooth
  166. 166the lower esophagus contains this musclesmooth
  167. 167Which layer of the esophagus contains compound tubuloalveolar (tubuloacinar) exocrine glands?submucosa
  168. 168what is this histology showinggastroesophageal junctionwhat is this histology showing
  169. 169what is this histology showingbody of stomachwhat is this histology showing
  170. 170what is this histology showingpyloruswhat is this histology showing
  171. 171what is 1funduswhat is 1
  172. 172what is 2bodywhat is 2
  173. 173what is 3pyloruswhat is 3
  174. 174what is 1gastric pitwhat is 1
  175. 175what is 2chief cellwhat is 2
  176. 176what is 3parietal cellwhat is 3
  177. 177What are the rugae of the stomach?folds of the gastric mucosa
  178. 178what is this histologyduodenumwhat is this histology
  179. 179what is this histologyjejunumwhat is this histology
  180. 180what is this histologyileumwhat is this histology
  181. 181what is 1duodenumwhat is 1
  182. 182what is 2jejenumwhat is 2
  183. 183what is 3ileumwhat is 3
  184. 184what is this histologylarge intestinewhat is this histology
  185. 185what is this histologypancreaswhat is this histology
  186. 186what is this histologyliverwhat is this histology
  187. 187this accessory organ processes nutrients and toxins found in blood, stores glycogen, acts as a blood reservoir, and makes bileliver
  188. 188this accessory organ secretes digestive enzymes (exocrine function) and hormones insulin and glucagon (endocrine function)pancreas
  189. 189this accessory organ stores bilegallbladder
  190. 190Which is the function of the pancreatic acini?Secrete digestive enzymes
  191. 191what is this showingpancreatic isletwhat is this showing
  192. 192what is this histologytongue and taste budswhat is this histology
  193. 193what is this histologysalivary glandswhat is this histology
  194. 194what is the structure on the lefttracheawhat is the structure on the left
  195. 195what is the structure on the rightesophaguswhat is the structure on the right
  196. 196what is this histologytracheawhat is this histology
  197. 197what is this histologyesophaguswhat is this histology
  198. 198what is this histologystomachwhat is this histology
  199. 199what is this histologypancreaswhat is this histology
  200. 200what is this histologyliverwhat is this histology

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Flashcards on PNB 2265 Practical 2 part 1, created by Nicole Servetnik on 12/04/2022.
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