3737968
Description
Flashcards by tiwariashley, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by tiwariashley
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Homeostasis | a dynamic constancy of the internal physiological environment |
| disease | inability to maintain homeostasis |
| physiology | the study of biological functions and process of the human body under normal conditions |
| Positive feedback mechanism | amplifies changes in controlled variable caused by a stimulus |
| What are some example of positive feedback mechanism? | blood coagulation child birth and inflammation |
| Positive feedback mechanism is less common in nature T or F | True |
| the plasma membrane is __________ _________ which means is allows certain molecules to penetrate or permeate while excluding others | selectively permeable |
| These type of molecules are non polar and readily diffuse across the lipid bilayer membrane without the aid of membrane proteins | hydrophobic |
| Passive transport | movement of a substance DOWN its concentration gradient and does NOT REQUIRE ENERGY |
| Active transport | movement of a substance against its concentration gradient and requires energy or ATP |
| Passive transport if movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration T or F | True |
| Simple diffusion | passive transport of substance down their concentration gradient from high to low concentration |
| unassisted transport | transport across a membrane occurring without the aid of a transport protein |
| Channel mediated facilitated diffusion | passive transport of solute down its concentration gradient from high to low concentration |
| Channel proteins | highly selective; allows only specific molecules or ions of a certain size across membrane |
| hydrophilic proteins in lipid bilayer aid in the transport of small polar molecules and ions across the membrane T or F | True |
| Carrier Mediated Facilitated diffusion | specialized proteins facilitate the transport of large hydrophilic molecules across the plasma membrane |
| What slows the transport of solute during carrier mediated facilitated diffusion? | The proteins must go through a conformational change in order to facilitate the process |
| Carrier mediated facilitated diffusion n transports molecules from _____ to ____ concentration | high to low |
| Primary Active Transport | moves against concentration gradient from low to high concentration |
| Primary active transport involves the use of | ATP |
| In this form of transport, molecules are pumped against a concentration gradient at the expense of energy | primary active transport |
| Secondary active transport | transport is driven by the energy stored in the concentration gradient of another molecule |
| In this form of transport the downhill movement of one molecule drives the uphill movement of another molecule | secondary active transport |
| This form of transport involves the indirect us of ATP | secondary active transport |
| What are the two categories of secondary active transport | cotransport and counter transport |
| What is another name for countertransport | antiport |
| what is another name for cotransport | symport |
| what is cotransport | ion and molecule move in the SAME direction across plasma membrane |
| what is counter transport | ion and molecule move in OPPOSITE directions across plasma membrane |
| osmosis | diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane that moves down its concentration gradient |
| tonicity | the measure of the osmotic pressure gradient of two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane |
| Isotonic solutions | both solutions have the same concentration |
| hypotonic | concentration of solute is lower than solution |
| hypertonic | concentration of solute is higher than solution |
| crenation | cells shrink in a hypertonic solution |
| lyse | cells swell up and burst when placed in a hypotonic solution |
| There is an inversely proportional relationship between water distribution and adipose tissue deposition T or F | True |
| extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid make up what percentage of the water distribution in the human body? | 60 percent |
| extracellular fluid is made up of what two things? | plasma and interstitial fluid |
| Intracellular fluid makes up what percentage of bodily fluids | 40 percent |
| plasma makes up what percentage of the extracellular fluid? | 4 percent |
| interstitial fluid makes up what percent of the extracellular fluid | 16 percent |
| hyponatremia | induced by excessive sweating and loss of salts and water by evaporation during exercise |
| symptoms of hyponatremia include | headaches loss of appetite, muscle weakness and spams |
| Euvolemic hyponatremia | water increase but the sodium content in body stays the same |
| hypervolemic hyponatremia | sodium and water content in the body increase with water retention being greater |
| hypovolemic hyponatremia | water and sodium are both lost in unequal levels; sodium is lost in a larger amount |
| if exercise induces excessive sweating thg than what type of electrolyte drink should be consumed | something with high sodium concentration |
| If exercise involves a high performance like weight lifting that what type of electrolyte drinks should be consumed | something with high sugar or carbohydrate concentration |
| Salt and carbohydrate concentration is determined by the rate at which water needs to be absorbed T or F | true |
| What is HHS | Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome |
| Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome | occurs in patients with type 2 diabetes; hyperglycemia causes shifts between hypertonic and hyper osmotic states which potentiates dehydration treated with vigorous rehydration |
| What are the four components in a feedback system | regulated variable sensor/receptor integrating center effector |
| effector | receives instructions from integrating center |
| integrating center | control center; receives and processes info from the sensor; sends instructions to effector |
| sensor/receptor | monitors the controlled variable for any deviations caused by stimulus; transmits info to integrating center |
| Regulated variable/controlled variable | the specific factor being controlled by the system |
| plasmalemma | double layered structure made of phospholipids cholesterol and protein molecules |
| Hydrophobic component of a cell | fatty acid chain making up the inner cytoplasmic part of the cell |
| hydrophilic component of a cell | polar phospholipids making up extracellular boundaries |
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