GoConqr has a new look! Let us know what you think.

Sign up free

Flashcards

B2

Anna Hollywood Biology GCSE English 5.0Average rating 5.0 out of 5 (1 rating) 78 cards

Cards in this deck (78)

  1. 1What is the acrostic for remembering the classification order?King Prawn Curry Or Fat Greasy Sausages
  2. 2What is the order of classification?Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
  3. 3What is the difference between an artificial system and a natural system?Artificial-based on one or two key characteristics, e.g. birds that like by the sea are seabirds
    Natural-based on evolutionary relationships more detailed e.g. animals more closely related are more likely to be in the same group
  4. 4What has help scientists determine how closely related two animals are?By sequencing the bases in DNA
  5. 5What is a species?A group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
  6. 6What is the binomial system?Where every animal has two parts to its name the first is the genus (starts with capital) and the second is the species (lowercase)
  7. 7Why is the archaeopteryx difficult to class into a group?Because it has feathers like a bird and teeth and a long, bony tail like a reptile
  8. 8Why can't bacteria be classed as a species?Because they reproduce asexually
  9. 9Why can't a mule (cross between donkey and horse) be classed as a species?Because they are infertile
  10. 10Why can't you tell if some animals are closely related and have a common ancestor?They may have different features due to living in different habitats
  11. 11Why are dolphins and fish similar and why are they different?They both share the same habitat (ecologically related) but dolphins are mammals
  12. 12Why are dolphins and bats similar and why are they different?They live in different habitats but they are both mammals (they are related through evolution)
  13. 13What do pyramids of biomass show?The dry mass of living material at each trophic level
  14. 14Why may pyramids and of biomass look different to pyramids of numbers?-if producers are very large
    -if a small parasite lives on a large animal
  15. 15Why are pyramids of biomass difficult to construct?-some organisms feed on other organisms from different trophic levels
    -it involves removing an organisms water (killing it)
  16. 16As energy flows along a food chain, what is some energy transferred into (less useful)?-heat from respiration
    -egestion
    -excretion
  17. 17Why is the material lost at each stage of a food chain not wasted?Because decomposers use it and can then start another food chain
  18. 18Why does the animal at the end of the food chain not have much food available to it?Because they love about 90% of the useful energy at each trophic level
  19. 19How can efficiency in food chains be calculated?(energy used for growth/energy input) x 100%
  20. 20Is carbon found in a number of living organisms?Yes
  21. 21Why does carbon need to be recycled?So that it can be available again to other living organisms
  22. 22How is carbon dioxide removed from the air?Photosynthesis
  23. 23What passes carbon along a food chain/web?feeding
  24. 24What is carbon dioxide released into the air by?Respiration, decomposers, combustion
  25. 25What is carbon dioxide absorbed by and what is it turned into?By the oceans. The marine organisms make shells from the carbonate which turns into limestone rocks.
  26. 26How can the carbon in limestone return to the air as carbon dioxide?During volcanic eruptions and weathering
  27. 27Why do plants take in nitrates?For protein (growth)
  28. 28What passes nitrogen compounds along a food web/chain?Feeding
  29. 29How are nitrogen compounds returned to the soil?They are broken down in dead animals and plants by decomposers
  30. 30What do decomposers do?They are soil bacteria and they convert proteins and urea into ammonia
  31. 31What do nitrifying bacteria do?Convert the ammonia into nitrates
  32. 32What do denitrifying bacteria do?Convert nitrates into nitrogen gas
  33. 33What do nitrogen-fixing bacteria do and where are they found?They are found in root nodules and they fix the nitrogen gas. This also occurs by the action of lightning
  34. 34What do animals living in the same habitat compete for? What do they compete or if they are in the same species?Resources such as food. If they are in the same species, mates.
  35. 35What is an ecological niche?It describes the habitat that an organism lives in and its role in that habitat.
  36. 36Why are species that live in the same niche more likely to compete?As they require similar resources such as the harlequin and native ladybirds
  37. 37Define interspecificCompetition between two species
  38. 38Define intraspecificCompetition between organisms of the same species
  39. 39Why do predator and prey cycles show both ups and downs (3 reasons)?-Lots of prey=more predators survive=numbers increase
    -Prey numbers therefore drop
    -Predators starve=pop drops
  40. 40Why do the predators peak soon after the prey peaks?Because it takes a little while for the increased supply of food to allow more predators to survive and reproduce
  41. 41Explain a relationship between a parasite and its host-Host suffers
    -Fleas are parasites
    -Tapeworms are also parasites
  42. 42Explain a mutualism relationship-Birds cleaning ticks off an ox
    -Insects pollinating flowers
    -Cleaner fish eating parasites off larger fish
  43. 43How do legumes on pea plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria have a mutualistic relationship?-The bacteria turn nitrogen into nitrogen-containing chemicals and give some to the pea
    -Bacteria gets photosynthesis sugars from the pea plant
  44. 44Name 5 adaptations of animals in cold climatesExcellent insulation, large with small ears (small SA:V), behaviour changes (migration, hibernation), counter-current heat exchange(warm blood entering flipper warms up cool blood going back into body), biochemical adaptations(anti-freeze proteins in cells)
  45. 45Name 4 adaptations of animals living in hot climatesLittle hair, smaller bodies and larger ears (increase SA:V), panting, seeking shade at hottest hours in day
  46. 46Name 2 adaptations of animals to cope with dry climates-Camels with concentrated urine
    -Cacti have spines and deep roots, can store water in stem
  47. 47What are animals called that can survive in hot conditions? What's an example of this?Extremophiles. Bacteria can live in hot springs as they have enzymes that don't denature at temperatures as high as 100 degrees Celsius
  48. 48An example of a specialistPolar bear
  49. 49An example of a generalist. Disadvantage and advantage?Rats. Can survive in several habitats but will lose out to specialists in certain environments
  50. 50Who wrote the theory of natural selection?Charles Darwin
  51. 51Sum up the theory of natural selection-Variation within species
    -Competition for limited resources between offspring
    -Survival of the fittest
    -Those that survive pass on their genes to offspring
  52. 52How do (overtime) the changes produced by natural selection result in a new species?-Only happens when they can't mate for a long time
    -Maybe due to them living in different areas (geographical isolation) or behavioural isolation
    -They may evolve differently to become to different species
  53. 53Why is natural selection difficult to study?Because it usually takes thousands of years to see the effect
  54. 54Give 2 examples of natural selection-More bacteria are developing resistance to antibiotics
    -Dark peppered moths can survive in camouflaged an polluted areas so more of them survive
  55. 55Why did people disagree with Darwin's ideas at first?-Not enough evidence
    -Destroys all known theories of God
  56. 56Why is Darwin's theory now more widely accepted?-Explains observations
    -Been discussed and tested by range of scientists
  57. 57What was Lamarck's theory?The law of acquired characteristics e.g. giraffes have long necks so that they can eat, then this was passed on
  58. 58Why has Lamarck's theory been stated as incorrect?Due to discovery of genes
  59. 59What are the 3 main types of pollution?-Carbon dioxide
    -CFCs
    -Sulfur dioxide
  60. 60What is the rate of growth of the human population called?Exponential growth
  61. 61Why is the human population growing exponentially?Because birth rate is exceeding death rate
  62. 62Where is the greatest population rise happening?In the developing countries
  63. 63Why do the developed countries have the most pollution?Burning more fossil fuels
  64. 64What does the carbon footprint show?The amount of greenhouse gas given off in a certain time by an individual
  65. 65What do direct methods do?Use oxygen probes attached to a computer to tell the pollution levels in a pond.
  66. 66How do they use indicator species to test for pollution?An absence of the mayfly larva and lots of water louse could suggest polluted waters. An absence of water louse and lots of mayfly larva could suggest clean water
  67. 67What are the advantages of using indicator species?-Cheap
    -Reliable
    -Monitors levels over a long period of time
  68. 68What is an advantage of using direct methods?-Accurate results at any specific time
  69. 69Give 4 reasons as to why people think that conservation is important-Protect food supply
    -Protect damage to food chain
    -Protect organisms that could be usefully for medical studies
    -protect organisms/habitats that people enjoy to visit/study
  70. 70When are species at risk of extinction?If the number of individuals/habitats fall below critical levels
  71. 71What are the 3 important factors to include when trying to conserve a species?-population size (a small pop size means unlikely to be enough genetic variation to enable it to survive)
    -Number of suitable habitats available
    -Amount of competition from other species
  72. 72Name 3 things that whale's bodies are used for?-Teeth for buttons
    -Liver for oil
    -Skin for accessories
  73. 73Why do some people object captive breeding with whales?They lose their freedom
  74. 74Why is it hard to police whaling?the sea is so vast
  75. 75What is an alternative to killing whales to find out more about them?Study migration patterns and whale communication
  76. 76What does sustainable development mean?Taking enough resources for current needs whilst leaving enough for future generations and not causing permanent damage
  77. 772 examples of sustainable development-Fishing quotas
    -Replanting woods
  78. 783 ways we can put sustainable development into practice what will this help achieve?-Manage alternative fuels (to fossil fuels)
    -Supply increasing amounts of food for population without destroying large areas of natural habitats
    -Dispose of large amount of waste products to minimise pollution
    HELP SAVE ENDANGERED SPECIES

Information

Description
GCSE Biology (B2) Flashcards on B2, created by Anna Hollywood on 20/11/2013.
Created by
Anna Hollywood
Views
504
Rating
Average rating 5.0 out of 5 (1 rating)

Feedback

What is it about?

What do you think of the new look?

How do you like it?