Flashcards
Cognitive Pyschology Chapter 4
Cards in this deck (18)
- 1Sensory MemoryThe memory system that brings in info from the senses to allow fro cognitive processing
- 2Short-memoryThe memory system that is responsible for holding onto a small amount of info that has been recently taken from the environment
- 3ChunkA memory unit that consists of several components that are strongly associated with one another
- 4George MillerProposed that we can only hold a limited amount of items in short-term memory, specifically 7 give or take 2
- 5How many chunks can short-term memory hold?Approx. 7
- 6What is the length of sensory memory?Less than 1 second
- 7What is the length of short-term memory?15-30 seconds
- 8Explain chunking in your own words and provide an example of how it is used. How might this help when studying for an exam or memorizing a phone number?Chunkings is the bunching up of similar information to better remember it to follow the 7 rule. For memorizing a phone number, the area code would be one chunk, the next three numbers would be another chunk, and the last four numbers would each individually be a chunk for a total of 6 chunks.
- 9Why might sensory memory be hard to prove?It is hard to track it due to its short time and its abstract due to taking in the senses
- 10How did Sperling’s experiment demonstrate sensory memory? Use Whole vs. Partial report in your response.He wanted to study how long info lasts in sensory memory --> the rate of forgetting from ur sensory registers.
Participants were shown a matrix of 12 letters in a 4 X 3 grid for a brief period of time (50 msec--so u don't use ur short term memory). (Whole Report vs. Partial Report)
-Whole—flash pic of letters and immediately as many letters as u can recall (he found that by the time u list 1, 2, etc it takes too long and the rest is already faded from the sensory registers)
-Partial— he flashed the pic and then he sounds the tone right after and it depends on which tone u hear of which line u letters u report... high tone is just the top letters, etc.. play tone immediately after showing letters, random tone
-partial showed that u store the exact replication in sensory memory
-There was a larger estimate of the total number of items in sensory memory when partial report (3 from the suggested line; about 9 total then) was used instead of whole report (5 letters recalled)
-he found that sensory memory can capture a lot of info but it fades really really quickly - 11Differentiate between sensory memory and short-term memory.Sensory memory
-shorter duration
-processing of senses
Short-term memory
-Longer duration
-manipulates temporarily stored data - 12Brown/Peterson and Peterson ApproachDemonstrated that material held in memory for less than 1 minute is often forgotten.
Participants were presented with items they were meant to remember and they were asked to count backward by 3s to avoid rehearsal.
On the first few trials, the participants did well but progressively got worse at recall.
Showed that our memory is fragile for material stored for just a few seconds - 13RehearsalRepeating items silently to help improve the memory of them
- 14Serial Position EffectThe tendency to recall the first and last few items in a list better than those in the middle
- 15Recency EffectThe better recalling of items at the end of a list
- 16Primacy effectThe better recalling of the first few items in a list
- 17SemanticsThe meaning of words in a sentence
- 18Proactive InterferencePeople have trouble learning new material because previously learned material keeps interfering
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- Flashcards on Cognitive Pyschology Chapter 4, created by Hannah sater on 09/10/2022.
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- Hannah sater
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