Flashcards
CH. 8
Cards in this deck (33)
- 1where is the qualitative data analysis and results• Look at the methods section & results
- 2Steps used to understand a study's quantitative data analysis• How did they score the data
• How did they prepare the data for analysis
• How did they analyze the data to answer descriptive research questions
• How did they analyze the data to test the comparison relationship hypothesis
• How did they report their results
• How did they use descriptive statistics to answer research questions
• Quantitative research is linear
• How did the researchers use inferential statistics to answer comparisons and relationship research questions? - 3How did they use descriptive statistics to answer research questionsWhat are descriptive statistics
Central tendency- mean, median, mode
Variability
Range
Standard definition
Bell curve, normal distribution, the normal probability curve - 4How did the researchers use inferential statistics to answer comparisons and relationship research questions?Hypothesis testing (pg. 264 and 265
The alpha level (.01, .05, .10) - 5alpha levelthe “significance level”
(.01, .05, .10) - 6How do researchers prepare quantitative data for analysis• Select computer program for analysis- SPSS and SAS
• Enter collected data into the database
• Examine the dataset for missing data (if participants did not answer certain items measure)
• Check for data accuracy
• Prepare the type of score needed for the analysis - 7Prepare the type of score needed for the analysisSingle item scores
Summed (scaled) scores - 8How do researchers use descriptive statistics to answer descriptive questions1. Central tendency
2. Variability
3. relative standing - 9how do they describe central tendenciesthrough mean and mode
- 10meanthe average score
- 11modethe most common response
- 12variability• if the average is the same it can vary a little or very a lot
• deviations- the difference from the mean
• Range of scores-the difference between highest and lowest scores(pg.261)
• Standard deviation- measures of how disputed the data are about the mean value for continuous variable/ measure of spread - 132 common statisticsThe range
The standard deviation (GRREK LETTER SIGMA) - 14Standard deviations• 1 standard deviation: 68%
• 2 standard deviation: 95%
• 3 standard deviation: 99% - 15Relative standing• The standard normal distribution mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1
• Anything to the left is negative and anything to the right is positive - 16Percentile ranksnumber describing the percentage of participants in the distribution who have scored at or below a particular score
- 17Z scorecalculated by converting a participant's score into a relative score measured in units of standard deviation
- 18How do researchers use inferential statistics• Identify a null and alternative hypothesis
• Set criterion for making decisions, called the alpha value or level of significance
• Collect data from a sample
• Compute a statistic for the samples data
• Make a decision about rejecting or failing to reject the null hypothesis - 19the t test the blah square all are statical tests: T or Ftrue
- 20Where to find results about the participant's characteristics• In the methods or results section
• Describe: age, ethnicity, educational background, family status - 21Descriptive statistics• Describes data
• Mean of the sample
• Standard deviation
• Charts
• Describe probability distribution
• Ex: 15% of dog owners walk their dog every day - 22Inferential• Make predictions or generalizations
• Estimating parameters///// hypothesis testing
• Ex: 300,000 dog owners take their dogs on 2 walks a day - 23Where to find results about instruments performance• Method or results section
• Typically describe the performance of the instrument with the study’s participants - 24the performance of the instrument with the study’s participantsInternal consistency of the instruments
Identification of sub-scales found among the instrument's items - 25Where to find results in response to the study research questions• Results section
• Typically address the study’s main descriptive, comparison, and relationship research questions and hypothesis one by one;
H1
H2
etc - 26Null hypothesisIs what you expect to find, common knowledge. Assume it to be true unless it is being proven wrong
What you Expect to see - 27alternative hypothesisThe new idea
- 28effect size• Provides an objected measure researchers use to judge whether a statistically significant difference is relationship is practically significant
• Based on researchers' knowledge of practical issues, such as the instruments, the participants, and the data collection efforts
• Size of the effect is typically reported as small medium or large
• Parsons r -1- +1
• R is correlation
• P value is the statistical significance - 29Stat significance• Is the effect due to chance
- 30How do you understand the results in a quantitative study• Examine tables that summarize statistical info
• Examine figures that portray variables and their relationships
• Read the detailed explanations written about the statistical results - 31Table show summary of results• A summary of quantitative information organized into rows and columns
• See the title to learn the type of information presented in the table specific and description
• Look at labels for each column and each row to identify specific variables and computed stats
• Identify primary stats that are included - 32Tables might includeParticipant demographic tables
Group comparison tables
Variable correlation tables - 33figure shows how variables are related• A summary of quantitative information presented as a chart, graph, or picture that visually shows the relations among scores and variables in a study
• Read the caption- often found at the bottom, describes the content of the figure
• Read the labels to learn which specific variables are displayed in the figure
• Look at legends and notes for additional information about what is displayed in the figure
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- Description
- data analysis and results in a quantitative study
- Created by
- Ella Callaro
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