38046892
Description
Flashcards by Ellie Harvey, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Ellie Harvey
over 1 year ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are ethical issues? | Issues that arise when a conflict arises between the rights and dignity of participants and the goals of the research to produce authentic, valid and worthwhile data |
| Name all ethical issues | - Consent - Debrief - Confidentiality and privacy - Deception - Right to withdraw - Protection from harm |
| What is meant by "informed consent"? | Making sure participants are aware of what is going on in a study prior to taking part. This includes knowing the aims, the procedure, their rights (such as right to withdraw) and how their data will be used. Participants should be able to make an informed judgement without being coerced or feeling obliged. |
| What is meant by "right to withdraw"? | This is that participants can withdraw from the research at any time, as well as being able to withdraw their data prior to the experiment and debrief. |
| What is meant by "deception"? | This deliberately lying to, misleading or withholding information from participants. Deception can be justified in certain instances where it would negate the results of the study (demand characteristics) |
| What is meant by "protection form harm"? | Ppts shouldn't be put in any more risk than what would be associated with their everyday lives. This involves protecting them from physical, psychological, emotional or any other form of harm. This holistic protection from harm included protection from embarrassment, feelings of inadequacy and undue distress/ pressure. |
| What is meant by "Confidentiality and privacy"? | Ppt should have the right to control information about themselves, if privacy is invaded then confidentiality should be provided. Confidentiality refers to the right, enshrined by law under the Data Protection Act, to have any personal data protected. Right to privacy extends to where the study took place (locations are not named). |
| What is the BPS Code of ethics? How does this deal with ethical issues? | BPS (British Psychological Society) has a set of ethical guidelines and researchers have a duty to follow them. These guidelines are implemented by ethics committees in research institutions that use a cost-benefit approach to determine if research proposals are acceptable ethically. |
| How is informed consent dealt with? | Could be done with a consent letter or form that details all relevant information that may affect their decision to participate. For studies involving under 16s, parental consent would also be needed |
| What are the other 3 types of consent? What do they involve? | - Presumptive: a group of similar people are asked if the study is acceptable, if they agree it is assumed that the actual ppts would agree - Prior general: Ppts give consent for a number of studies - including one that involves deception. By consenting they are effectively giving consent to be deceived - Retrospective: they are asked for consent during the debrief after taking part, they may not have been aware they were taking part or even being studied. |
| What is debriefing? How does it deal with ethical issues? | Ppts receive a debrief at the end of a study. This includes the true aims of research, details they were not given prior, their right to withdraw data and the opportunity for counselling (if necessary) and asking questions. They should also be reassured that their behaviour was normal or typical because of their natural concerns related to their performance. |
| How is confidentiality ensured? | Many researchers do no take details and will give anonymity to ppts, referring to them with numbers or initials when writing up investigations. They are also reminded during the debrief that their data will be protected throughout the process |
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