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Description
Flashcards by Ellie Harvey, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Ellie Harvey
over 1 year ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is a pilot study? | A small-scale version of a study that takes place before the real one. |
| What does a pilot study aim to do? | It acts as a "road-test" for the procedure to ensure it runs smoothly. The pilot checks procedure, materials, measuring scales etc. It isn't restricted to experiments and is used for SRTs to try and remove unhelpful questions and reword any that are ambiguous. It is also used in observations to check coding systems. |
| Do the results of a pilot study matter? | NO |
| What is a single blind procedure? | Participants are not told which condition they are a part of or if there is even another one. They are not told the aims either. |
| What is the purpose of a single blind procedure? | To control the confounding effects of demand characteristics |
| What is a double-blind procedure? | When both the participants and the researcher conducting the study are unaware of the study's aims. This is often seen in drug trials where neither party are aware of a placebo. |
| What is the purpose of a double-blind procedure? | As well as reducing the confounding effect of demand characteristics, it tries to reduce investigator effects. |
| What is peer review? | The assessment of scientific work by others who are specialists in the field, to ensure that any research that intends to be published is of high quality. |
| What are the 3 main aims of peer review? | 1. To allocate research funding - independent peer review takes place through government- run organisations to allocate funding to proposals, they determine which proposals are most worthwhile. 2. To validate the quality/ relevance of research - all elements of the research are assessed on quality and accuracy by objective and usually anonymous experts 3. To suggest amendments/ improvements - reviewers may suggest revisions to improve a report or in extreme cases may conclude that the work doe was inappropriate and should be withdrawn from publication. |
| One evaluation of peer review (Anonymity) | Normally, reviewers are anonymous to produce a more honest appraisal, however, sometimes they use this anonymity to criticise rivals made even more likely by competition for funding. Due to this, some journals prefer to use a system of open reviewing. |
| One evaluation for peer review (Publication Bias) | It is a tendancy for journal editors to want to publish headline grabbing work to increase the credibility and circulation of their journal. As well as this they prefer to publish positive results. This means research that doesn't meet their criteria may be ignored or disregarded. This creates a false impression of the current state of psychology if journals are being selective in what gets published. |
| One evaluation for peer review (Burying ground-breaking research) | The process of peer review may try and maintain the status quo by supressing theories that oppose the mainstream theories. Researchers tend to be significantly critical of studies that contradict their own view and therefore may favour work that matches it. Estalished scientists are normally chosen as reviewers and are more likely to pass findings that chime with current opinion than those which are new and challenge the established order. Therefore, peer review may actually be slowing the pace of change in particular disciplines such as psychology. |
| How does research into attachment impact the economy? | Previous research such as Bowlby's emphasised a mother's role in childcare whilst the father was seen as the provider. This is challenged by recent research that suggests that it is important for the child to form multiple attachments especially with the father. This idea may promote more flexible working arrangements. This is now the norm where mum is the high earner working more hours or where couples share childcare responsibility. This means modern parents are better at maximising their income more effectively to the economy. |
| How does research into mental illness impact the economy? | Absence from work costs the economy ~£15 billion a year with a government report suggesting a third of this was due to mild-moderate metal illness. Research into the causes of said illness has led to treatments which plays a key role in supporting a healthy workforce. Innovations such as SRIs, CBT, anti-anxiety drugs, psychotherapeutic drugs and systematic desensitisation all help people to manage their conditions and can go to work |
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