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Flashcards

Reviewer - Math 14

Clarisse Kyla San Juan MATH 14 College English 52 cards

Reviewer - Math 14

Cards in this deck (52)

  1. 1• Information you gather can come from a range of sources. • There are a variety of techniques to use when gathering primary data.Method of Obtaining Data
  2. 2Can be conducted in person or over the telephone, can be done formally (structured), semi-structured, or informally. Questions should be focused, clear, and encourage open-ended responses Qualitative in natureInterviews
  3. 3Responses can be analyzed with quantitative methods by assigning numerical values to Likert-type scales. Results are generally easier (than qualitative techniques) to analyze. Pretest/Posttest can be compared and analyzedQuestionnaires and Surveys
  4. 4Study of the dynamics of a situation, frequency counts of target behaviors, or other behaviors as indicated by needs of evaluation.Observations
  5. 5Group interviews with individuals that have something in common. Gathers information about combined perspectives and opinions.Focus Groups
  6. 6• Studying a single phenomenon • Examines people in their natural settings • Uses a combination of techniques such as observation, interviews, and surveys.Ethnographies, Oral History, and Case Studies
  7. 7Examining existing data in the form of databases, meeting minutes, reports, attendance logs, financial records, and newsletters.Documents and Records
  8. 8Using historical data. Involve a lot of data, but that data may contain relatively little useful information about the problem. Some of the relevant data may be missing, there may be transcription or recording errors resulting in outliers (unusual values)Retrospective Study
  9. 9the engineer observes the process or population, disturbing it as little as possible, and records the quantities of interest. These studies are usually conducted for a relatively short period, sometimes variables that are not routinely measured can be included.Observational Study
  10. 10the engineer makes deliberate or purposeful changes in the controllable variables of the system or process, observes the resulting system output data, and then makes an inference or decision about which variables are responsible for the observed changes in output performance.Designed Experiments
  11. 11this is a way to ask a lot of people a few well-constructed questions. It is a series of unbiased questions that the subject must answer.Survey
  12. 12- Fewer misunderstood questions, fewer incomplete responses, higher response rates, and greater control over the environment. - Can be expensive and time-consuming and required a large staff of trained interviewers.Face-to-Face Interview
  13. 13- less expensive than interviews, does not require a large staff, and can be administered in large numbers. - Responders are more likely to stop participating mid-way and can’t ask them to clarify their answers.Self-administered survey
  14. 14Appropriate ways of displaying data include using a pie chart or bar graphs. Display, Analyze, and Interpret Statistical Survey Data
  15. 15you can specify (and set the levels) and then assign at random as the treatment to the experimental units. (Examples: Temperature, etc.)Experimental Factors
  16. 16can’t be changed or assigned, but you can select individuals from these groups individually. (Examples: Age and Sex)Classification factors
  17. 17can assign specified level (Example: percent or pH level of a chemical)Quantitative Factors
  18. 18have categories which are different types. (Examples: Species of plant, gender, and brand in marketing field)Qualitative Factors
  19. 19Likelihood or chance of an event occurring.Probability
  20. 20Consists of a set of possible outcomes of a probability experiment. Can be one or more than one outcomes.Event
  21. 21An event with one outcomeSimple Event
  22. 22An event with more than one outcomeCompound Event
  23. 23is the set of all possible outcomes or results of a random experiment. Represented by Letter SSample space
  24. 24- Arrangement of elements in a distinct order. - Given a single set of n distinctively different elements, you wish to select k elements from the n and arrange them within k positions.Permutations Rule
  25. 25- Suppose a single set of n distinctively different elements exists. You wish to partition them into k sets, with the first set containing n1 elements, the second containing n2 elements... and the kth set containing nk elements.Partitions Rule
  26. 26- A sample of k elements is to be chosen from a set of n elements. The number of different samples of k samples that can be selected from n is equal toCombinations Rule
  27. 27The number of possible sets is then defined by:Multiplicative RuleThe number of possible sets is then defined by:
  28. 28- Two events are mutually exclusive or _____ if they cannot occur at the same time.disjoint
  29. 29- The probability that event A occurs, given that event B has occurred, is called aconditional probability
  30. 30- The _______ of an event is the event not occurring. Denoted by the symbol P(A’)complement
  31. 31The probability that events A and B both occur is the probability of the _________. Denoted by P(A ∩ B)intersection
  32. 32- The probability that events A or B occur is the probability of the _______. Denoted by P(A ∪ B)union
  33. 33- If Event A changes the probability of Event B, then both Event are _____Dependent
  34. 34- If Event A does not change the probability of Event B, Then both events are ______independent
  35. 35Rule of AdditionRule of Addition
  36. 36Rule of MultiplicationRule of Multiplication
  37. 37Rule of SubtractionRule of Subtraction
  38. 38- estimation involves the use of sample data to calculate a single value - since it identifies a point in some parameter space) which is to serve as a "best guess" or "best estimate" of an unknown population parameterPoint Estimation
  39. 39The variability of a sampling distribution is measured by its ________ or its ____________.variance, standard
    deviation
  40. 40The number of observations in the population.N
  41. 41The number of observations in the sample.n
  42. 42the factor sqrt[ (N - n ) / (N - 1) ]finite population correction or fpc
  43. 43probability of the occurrence of an eventsuccess; P
  44. 44probability of the non-occurrence of an eventfailure; Q
  45. 45states that the sampling distribution of the mean of any independent, random variable will be normal or nearly normal, if the sample size is large enough.central limit theorem
  46. 46The range of possible values of the parameter θ is calledparameter space Ω
  47. 47The function of X1, X2, ..., Xn, that is, the statistic u(X1, X2, ..., Xn), used to estimate θpoint estimator
  48. 48- If the following holds: E[u(X1, X2, ..., Xn)]=θE[u(X1, X2, ..., Xn)] = θ then the statistic u(X1, X2, ..., Xn)u(X1, X2, ..., Xn) is an _______ - Otherwise, u(X1,X2,...,Xn)u(X1,X2,...,Xn) is a _______unbiased estimator, biased estimator
  49. 49The ____________ of an estimator is its standard deviation:standard errorThe ____________ of an estimator is its standard deviation:
  50. 50combines the notions of bias and standard error. It is defined asMean squared errorcombines the notions of bias and standard error. It is defined as
  51. 51gives an estimated range of values which is likely to include an unknown population parameter, the estimated range being calculated from a given set of sample data.confidence value
  52. 52The ________ of a confidence interval gives the probability that the interval produced by the method employed includes the true value of the parameter .level C

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College MATH 14 Flashcards on Reviewer - Math 14, created by Clarisse Kyla San Juan on 30/10/2022.
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