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Flashcards

Reviewer - CPEN 101

Clarisse Kyla San Juan CPEN 101 Midterms English 102 cards

Cards in this deck (102)

  1. 1Collection of related relationsDatabase
  2. 2Known facts that can be recorded, has implicit meaning. Organized strictly in a row and column formatData
  3. 3called tuple or recordsRows
  4. 4called domain or attributeColumns
  5. 5- Collection of interrelated data and a set of programs - Collection of related data with an implicit meaning and hence is a database. - Contains information relevant to an enterprise.Database Management System
  6. 6Designed to manage large bodies of information.Database System
  7. 7enterprise information: For customer, product, and purchase informationSales
  8. 8enterprise information: For payments, receipts, account balances, assets, and other accounting information.Accounting
  9. 9enterprise information: For information about employees, salaries, payroll taxes, and benefits, and for the generation of paychecks.human resources
  10. 10enterprise information: For management of the supply chain and for tracking the production of items in factories, inventories of items in warehouses and stores, and orders for items.manufacturing
  11. 11enterprise information: For sales data noted above plus online order tracking, generation of recommendation lists, and maintenance of online product evaluations.online retailers
  12. 12Banking and Finance: For customer information, accounts, loans, and banking transactionsBanking
  13. 13Banking and Finance: For purchases on credit cards and generation of monthly statementsCredit card transactions
  14. 14Banking and Finance: For storing information about holdings, sales, and purchases of financial instruments such as stocks and bondsFinance
  15. 15Banking and Finance: For student information, course registrations, and gradesUniversities
  16. 16Banking and Finance: For reservations and schedule information.Airlines
  17. 17Banking and Finance: For keeping records of calls made, generating monthly bills, maintaining balances on prepaid calling cards, and storing information about the communication networks.Telecommunication
  18. 18Stores permanent records in various files, and it needs different application programs to extract records from, and add records to, the appropriate files.Conventional Operating System
  19. 19Organizational information in a file-processing system has a number of major disadvantages:Data redundancy and inconsistency
    Difficulty in accessing data
    Data isolation
    Integrity Problems
    Atomicity Problems/Lack of Atomicity
    Concurrent-access anomalies
    Security Problems
  20. 20Advantages of DBMSControlling of Redundancy, Data Integrity, Security, Data Consistency, Efficient Data Access, Enforcements of Standards, Data Independence, Reduced Application Development and Maintenance Time
  21. 21Disadvantages of DBMS- It is bit complex
    - Because of its complexity and functionality, it uses a large amount of memory
    - DBMS system works on the centralized system
    - DBMS is generalized software
  22. 22- For the system to be usable, it must retrieve data efficiently. - The need for efficiency designers led to the use of complex data structures to represent data. - Database-system users are not computer trained, developers hide the complexity through levels of abstractionData Abstraction
  23. 23the lowest level of abstraction.Physical level/Internal schema
  24. 24Next-higher level of abstractionLogical level/Conceptual Schema
  25. 25the highest level of abstractionView level/External Schema
  26. 26Collection of information stored in the database at a particular momentInstance of the database
  27. 27the overall design of the databaseDatabase Schema
  28. 28- Underlying the structure of a database - Provides a way to describe the design of a database at the physical, logical, and view levels.Data Models
  29. 29- uses the collection of tables to represent both data and relationships. Most widely used, and a vast majority of current databases are based on it.Relational Model
  30. 30– Uses a collection of basic objects, called entitiesEntity-Relationship Model
  31. 31Object-oriented programming (especially in Java, C++, or C#) has become the dominant software development methodologyObject-based Data Model
  32. 32Permits the specification of data where individual data items of the same type may have different sets of attributes.Semi-structured Data Model
  33. 33Database system provides a data-definition language to specify the database schema and a data manipulation language to express database queries and updates.Data Languages
  34. 34A language that enables users to access or manipulate data as organized by the appropriate data modelData-Manipulation Language
  35. 35– require a user to specify what data are needed and how to get those dataProcedural DMLs
  36. 36require a user to specify what data are needed without specifying how to get those data.Declarative DMLs/Non-Procedural DMLs
  37. 37– portion of DMLs that involves information retrieval.Query language
  38. 38a statement requesting the retrieval of information.Query
  39. 39- Using this language we can specify a database schema by a set of definitions. - Used to specify additional properties of the data.Data-Definition Language (DDL)
  40. 40special type of table, can only accessed and updated by database system itself; DBMS component that stores definition of data characteristics and relationshipsData Dictionary
  41. 41Domain of possible values must be associated with every attribute.Domain constraints
  42. 42Ensure that a value that appears in one relation also appears in a certain set of attributes in another relation.Referential Integrity
  43. 43Any condition that the database must always satisfy.Assertions
  44. 44To differentiate among the usersAuthorization
  45. 451. allows reading, but not modification 2. Allow insertion of new data, but not modification of existing data. 3. allows modification, but not deletion 4. allows deletion of data1. Read authorization
    2. Insert authorization
    3. Update authorization
    4. Delete authorization
  46. 46– Is included with the DBMSIntegrated Data
  47. 47Older types, do not have a built-in data dictionary instead the DBA may use third-party ___________ dictionary systems.stand-alone data
  48. 48– Automatically updated by the DBMS with every database access.Active data
  49. 49not updated automatically, requires a batch process to runPassive data
  50. 50Unsophisticated users who interact with the system.Naïve users
  51. 51computer professionals who write application programs.Application Programmers
  52. 52tools that enable programmers to construct forms and reports without writing a program.Rapid application development
  53. 53includes special features to facilitate generation forms and display of data.Fourth generation languages
  54. 54Interact with the system without writing programs.Sophisticated Users
  55. 55Tools simplify analysts’ task by letting them view summaries in different waysOnline Analytical processing (OLAP)
  56. 56– help them find certain kinds of patterns.Data mining tool
  57. 57Used to describe the data involved in a real-world enterprise in terms of objects and their relationships.Entity Relational Model
  58. 58The information gathered in the requirements analysis step is used to develop a higher-level description of the dataConceptual database design
  59. 59Characteristics of Conceptual Database DesignExpressiveness, Simplicity and Understandability, Minimality, Diagrammatic Representation, Formality
  60. 60Choose a DBMS to implement database design and convert conceptual database design into a database schemaLogical Database Design
  61. 61- consist of the financial status of the applicationsEconomic Factors
  62. 62consists buying the software including language options such as form, stools and documentationSoftware Acquisition Cost
  63. 63- cost of receiving standard maintenance service from the vendor and for keeping the DBMS version up to dateMaintenance Cost
  64. 64the cost of additional memory, disk drives, controllers and a specialized DBMS storage.Hardware Acquisition Cost
  65. 65the cost of creating the database system from scratch and converting an existing system to the new DBMS softwareDatabase Creation and Conversion Cost
  66. 66the cost of reorganization of the data processing department.Personal Cost
  67. 67the cost of training for Programming, Application Development and Database Administration.Training Cost
  68. 68cost of continued operation of the database systemOperating Cost
  69. 69factors that support the organization of the vendorOrganizational Factors
  70. 70Need of a DBMSData Complexity
  71. 71The greater the ____________________, the more the redundancy among files and the greater the need for a DBMSsharing among applications
  72. 72the data changes constantly, and it is easier to cope with these changes using a system.Dynamically evolving or growing data
  73. 73File systems are not suitable for ad hoc retrieval of data.Frequency of ad hoc requests for data
  74. 742 factors needs for a DBMSData Volume and Need for Control
  75. 75we have to analyze the collection of relations in our relational database schema to identify the potential problemsSchema Refinement
  76. 76the process of choosing specific storage structures and access paths for the database files to achieve good performance.Physical Database Design
  77. 77the elapsed time between submitting a database transaction for execution and receiving a responseResponse Time
  78. 78the amount of storage space used by the database files. Their access path structures on disk including indexesSpace Utilization
  79. 79we must identify different user groups and different roles played. Each role, and user group, we must identify the parts of the database that they must be able to access.Security Design
  80. 80average number of transactions that can be processed per minuteTransaction Throughput
  81. 81- A collection of objects. - An object that is distinguishable from other objects by a set of attributesEntities
  82. 82- Characteristics of an entity - properties of a particular entity are called as attributes of that specified entityAttributes
  83. 83a. not divisible b. can be divided into smaller subparts, represent more basic attributes with independent meaning. c. having a single value for a particular entitya. Simple Attributes/Atomic Attributes
    b. Composite Attributes
    c. Single Valued Attribute
  84. 84d. having a set of values for the same entity e. attribute derived from another attribute f. attribute not derived from another attributed. Multi Valued Attribute
    e. Derived Attributes
    f. Stored Attribute
  85. 85collection entities that have the same attributes. Each entity type is described by its name and attributes.Entity Type
  86. 86Collection of all entities of a particular entity type at any point of time. Referred to using the same name. Entity type is represented in ER diagrams as a rectangular box enclosing the entity type name.entity set
  87. 87An association among entities.Relationship
  88. 88Collection of relationships.Relationship Sets
  89. 89– attribute used to identify the specified information from the tablesPrimary Key
  90. 90- identified uniquely by considering some of its attributes in conjunction with the primary key of the entityWeak Entity
  91. 91relationship can also have some attributes. Used to record information about the relationship.Descriptive Attributes
  92. 92a set of relationships. Snapshot of the relationship at some instant of time.Instance
  93. 93A relationship set that has 3 entity.Ternary Relationship
  94. 94allowed to work in different departments, the department allowed to have several employees.Many to many
  95. 951 employee to many department, each department to 1 employee as its manager.One to many
  96. 96each employee in 1 department, many employees in same department.Many to one
  97. 97each employee can manage at most 1 department.One to one
  98. 98specifies whether the existence of an entity depends on its being related to another entity via the relationship typeParticipation Constraints
  99. 99Types of Participation Constraintsa. Total
    b. Partial
  100. 100- do not have key attributes of their own.Weak Entity Set
  101. 101abstraction for building composite objects from their component objects.Aggregation
  102. 102Information gathered in the requirements analysis step is used to develop a higher-level description of the data.Conceptual Database Design with the E-R Model

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Midterms CPEN 101 Flashcards on Reviewer - CPEN 101, created by Clarisse Kyla San Juan on 04/11/2022.
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