Classical Conditioning

Description

Unit 4: Development and Learning -- Module 16: Classical Conditioning
KENNEDY GROW
Flashcards by KENNEDY GROW, updated more than 1 year ago
KENNEDY GROW
Created by KENNEDY GROW over 1 year ago
2
0

Resource summary

Question Answer
Learning The process of gaining, through experience, relatively permanent information and behaviors
What are 3 ways in which learning can occur? Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, Observational Learning
Classical Conditioning A type of learning in which a stimulus gains the power to cause a response (involuntary)
Stimulus Anything in the environment that one can respond to
Response any behavior or reaction
Unconditioned Stimulus (US) A stimulus that triggers a response reflexively and automatically
Unconditioned Response (UR) An automatic response to the unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned Stimulus (CS) A previously neutral stimulus that, through learning, gains the power to cause a response
Aquisition The process of developing a learned response
Extinction the diminishing of a learned response after repeated presentation of the conditioned stimulus alone
Ivan Pavlov Russian physiologist and learning theorist famous for the discovery of classical conditioning Experimented on dogs; dogs would salivate at the sight and sound of anything associated with food
Generalization Producing the same response to two similar stimuli The more similar the substitute stimulus is to the original used in conditioning, the stronger the generalized response
Discrimination the ability to distinguish between two signals or stimuli and produce different responses
behaviorism the theory that psychology should only study observable behaviors, not mental processes
John Watson the founder of behaviorism, the theory that psychology should restrict its efforts to studying observable behaviors, not mental processes
Little Albert Experiment 11-month old infant; Watson and Rosalie Rayner, conditioned him to be frightened of white rats
Robert Rescorla Developed, alone with colleague Allan Wagner, a theory that emphasized the importance of cognitive processes in classical conditioning
Taste Aversion John Garcia, Subjects become classically conditioned to avoid specific tastes, because the tastes are associated with nausea Biologically predisposed to conditioning
Operant Conditioning A type of learning in which the frequency of a behavior depends on the consequence that follows that behavior
Operant Conditioning Will increase if the consequence is reinforcing to the subject
Operant Conditioning Will decrease if the consequence is not reinforcing to the subject
Edward Thorndike Author of the law of effect, the principle that forms the basis of operant conditioning
Show full summary Hide full summary

Similar

History of Psychology
mia.rigby
Biological Psychology - Stress
Gurdev Manchanda
Bowlby's Theory of Attachment
Jessica Phillips
Psychology subject map
Jake Pickup
Psychology A1
Ellie Hughes
Memory Key words
Sammy :P
Psychology | Unit 4 | Addiction - Explanations
showmestarlight
The Biological Approach to Psychology
Gabby Wood
Chapter 5: Short-term and Working Memory
krupa8711
Cognitive Psychology - Capacity and encoding
T W
Nervous Systems and the Brain - Lecture 1
Georgina Burchell