Flashcards
The structure of intelligence
Cards in this deck (21)
- 1what is intelligence?Something to do with reasoning/problem solving
- 2What did Jensen and Eysenck theorise about what intelligence was?Jensen: neural transmission speed
Eysenck: information transmission accuracy - 3What did Anderson and Holyoak, Richardson theorise about intelligence?Anderson: people differ in range of skills and skill quality
Holyoak, Richardson: success depends on possession of appropriate schemas, which anyone can acquire - 4Are some categories of theories intrinsically more correct than the rest?No. All are investigating legitimate aspects of intelligent behaviour
- 5What is the difference between IQ and g?IQ=age standardized performance: compared with everyone else of similar age range.
g= technical term to label underlying cause of individual differences in intelligent behaviour - 6What are the four categories of theory for the structure of intelligence?Single factor theory
Hierarchical theories
Multiple ability theories
Contextual theories - 7Who developed Single factor theory and how did he?Spearman:
observed that correlations between school subjects were always non-zero, always positive. Performance at mental tasks always correlated.
He stated the underlying caus was g, general intellectual ability.
Performance in any given task g+s - 8What is g to different theorists??Spearman: mental energy/power
Raven: ability to detect order out of chaos
Carpenter et al: working memory capacity - 9What are S?Specifics: knowledge/skill related to a particualar task
LIKE CRYSTALLISED INTELLIGENCE - 10Why did SPearman say we should only bother measuring g rather than s?because s is hard to measure and harder to make predictions with
- 11Summarize the hierarchical theories:g is important but there are mid-level 'specific abilities' that predict performance at relevant tasks which are not the same as s
Performance = g + specific ability + s - 12Exemplify specific abilitiesVerbal, numerical, spatial
- 13Who proposed the first hierarchical theory and what was it?Burt (1940s) emphasized specific abilities and that g = the sum total of specific abilities
- 14What did Horn and Cattell propose?That there were 27 primary abilities. Some were more important than others. These higher order abilities were: fluid intelligence, crystallised intelligence, visualisation ability, retrieval fluency, cognitive speed
- 15What did Klein (1991) and Brody (1992) theorise about fluid and crystallised intelligence?Klein: they are distinct
Brody: fluid intelligence determines acquisition of crystallised - 16Summarise Multiple Ability Theoriespeople have separate, independent, uncorrelated specific abilities. There is no general intelligence factor
Performance depends on a persons independent skill level - 17What independent primary mental abilities did Thurstone (1930s) identify?-Verbal comprehension
- perceptual speed
- verbal fluency
- memory
- numerical ability
- spatial visualisation
- general reasoning - 18What was the problem with Thurstone's theory?Factor analysis had been performed to force uncorreated abilities. It turns out these abilities could be found to correlate, suggesting a g factor could be identified
- 19Explain Gardner (1990s) theory of Multiple IntelligencesThere are 8 independent intelligences:
Logical/mathematical
Linguistic
Spatial
Musical
Inter-personal
Intra-personal
Bodily-kinesthetic
Naturalistic - 20Summarise Contextual theoriesLearning of skill is predicted by time and motivation. There is no general ability.
- 21—
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- Year 2 UNI YEAR 2 (Personality - PS416) Flashcards on The structure of intelligence, created by Jack Lynch on 26/02/2023.
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