Anxiety

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Flashcards on Anxiety, created by Melissa Pells on 24/10/2015.
Melissa Pells
Flashcards by Melissa Pells, updated more than 1 year ago
Melissa Pells
Created by Melissa Pells over 8 years ago
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Describe 3rd Wave Treatments for anxiety •ACT: Reduce the struggle, committed action to change, acceptance of anxiety, reduce fusion with anxious “thoughts not facts”, values •Mindfulness: notice anxiety, keep attention on the present moment, reduce reactivity •Meta-Cognitive Therapy: refocus attentional bias outwards, anxiety caused by excessive future focussed thinking, contain worry to set times
Describe CBT Treatment for Anxiety 1.Individual formulation – how anxiety is caused and maintained 2. Psychoeducation – written information 3. Cognitive restructuring – identifying and evaluating unhelpful thoughts, replacing them with more accurate ones 4. Behavioural techniques – relaxation, controlled breathing, distraction 5. Exposure work. - An essential element of almost all treatments for anxiety disorder – Exposure to the feared stimuli (+/-graded hierarchy, in imagino, in vivo, flooding). Overcoming maintaining avoidance behaviour. Weakens association between the stimuli and the feared outcome e.g. exposure and response prevention in OCD. Disconfirms erroneous beliefs
What causes Anxiety? 1. Genetics Aaron Beck – Anxious genes switched on by stressful environments in vulnerable people OR/ Epigenetics – Nature via nurture 2. Attachment and Learning Theory ability to self soothe and manage anxiety a function of attachment and parental role modelling 3. Traumatic events leading to anxious schema (might also be a function of the modern age - or because people view the world as more dangerous than it really is and underestimate their coping abilities)
Discuss Anxiety in Clinical Practice • Most common presenting problem for Psychologists in clinical practice • Commonly co-morbid o Depression, substance use, psychosis, ASD • Often overlapping symptoms of anxiety o Features of GAD, Social Anxiety, Panic • Often use transdiagnostic CBT approach • Responds very well to therapy
What are the key features of Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) • Excessive and uncontrollable worry • Future orientation • Negative cognitive biases (self and world) • Somatic arousal • Role and task inefficiency • Interpersonal aversiveness
Key feaatures of Social Anxiety Disorder (Social phobia) • Overwhelming anxiety and excessive self-consciousness in everyday social settings • STRONG focus on themselves instead of others • More than ‘shyness’ o Self-focused attention o Negative self-evaluation – I’m doing a bad job people don’t like me o Anxious apprehension o Avoidance and escape – Often people flee at height of social anxiety. o Behavioral disruption of normal functioning o Social skills deficits • Treatment- push through barrier. Build confidence- build on success. • Normal to have some form of social anxiety. • People with good social skills won’t have this to same degree as those with difficulty.
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