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Flashcards

Final Language Development Exam

Aly Allen English 85 cards

Cards in this deck (85)

  1. 1Five Areas of LanguagePhonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, and Pragmatics
  2. 2What is a Morpheme?Smallest units of language that carry meaning
  3. 3PhonemeSmallest unit of sound in a language
    (Ex: cat=3, cats=4, sheep=3)
  4. 4Free Morphemepart of the word that can stand alone
    (Ex: cat, happy, play,easy)
  5. 5Bound Morphemepart of the word that can not stand alone
    (Ex: cats (s), unhappy (un), played (ed), easiest (iest))
  6. 6Derivational Morphemechange the word meaning
    (Ex: Unhappy, easiest)
  7. 7Grammatical/ Inflectional Morphemesadd grammatical information
    (ex: Cats, played)
  8. 8Linguistic Feedbackinvolves speaking, as in "I totally agree"
  9. 9Paralinguistic Feedbackfeedback refers to the use of eye contact, facial expressions, and posture to convey information in a conversation.
  10. 10Nonlinguistic Feedbacknot involving language
  11. 11What is Phonological Awareness?Refers to the conscious awareness of the sound structure of words
  12. 12What does MLU measure?The mean number of morphemes per utterance
  13. 13What is child-directed speech?refers to the talk directed to children by others
  14. 14What is lead in and follow in?Lead-in: an adult labels and object or even outside the child's attentional focus
    Follow-in: an adult labels an object or event that is currently the child's attentional focus
  15. 15Intentintention or purpose
  16. 16Intentionality Hypothesischildren's experiences using language to engage with other people fosters their development of form and content
  17. 17Joint Attentionwhen the infant and care giver have focused attention on a mutual object. The infant has to correspond attention between the object and the caregiver. This is important becuase it helps with conversational and semantic development.
  18. 18Protoconversationsis/are an interaction between a caregiver and and a child before the child uses real words in language. It imitates an adult-like conversational exchange.
  19. 19What makes up the central nervous system?The brain and the spinal cord
  20. 20Peripheral Nervous Systemconsists of the nerves that emerge from the brain and spinal cord to innervate
    (“to supply nerves”) the rest
    of the body
  21. 21Function of Broca's Areaarea helps with the coordination of speech output. Clients with damage to this area will have difficulty expressing there thoughts in fluent manner and will have many filler words (um) and repairs.
  22. 22Function of Wernicke's areaarea in the temporal lobe is important for language comprehension.
  23. 23Theory of MindThe ability to put yourself in another persons shoes
  24. 24Prelinguistic SkillsSkills an infant acquires before they use real words
  25. 25What are paralinguistic features?accent, pitch, volume, speech rate, modulation, and fluency
  26. 26What are paralinguistic features during infant directed speech?slower temp, exaggerated pitch contours, and higher pitch
  27. 27When do babies say their first words?Around 12 months
  28. 28Refkexive Vocalizations-Sounds that occur at 2 weeks old
    -Sounds of discomfort, distress, and vegetative sounds
  29. 29Cooing(1-4 months)
    -Vowel-like sounds
    -Combine vowel-like segments with consonant-like segments
  30. 30Marginalized BabblingConsonant-like and vowel like sounds
  31. 31Canonical Babblingmore than two consonant vowel syllables in a sequence
  32. 32Reduplicated BabblingRepeating the same cononant vowel pairs (da da da, ba ba ba)
  33. 33NonReduplicated BabblingDifferent/ changing consonant vowel combination (da ba ma ga)
  34. 34JargonType of babbling that contains at least two syllables and two different consonants and vowels, and it is produced with varied stress or intonation
  35. 35What are the seven characteristics of caregiver responsiveness?1. Waiting and listening
    2. Following the child's lead
    3. Joining in and playing
    4. Being face to face
    5. Using a variety of questions and labels
    6. Encouraging turn taking
    7. Expanding and extending
  36. 36Receptive Languagelanguage that is comprehended
  37. 37Expressive LanguageLanguage that is produced spontaneously
  38. 38Do one year olds have a higher expressive or receptive language?Higher receptive language
  39. 39What three factors make a baby's first word a true first word?1. Consistency
    2. Recognizability
    3. Clear intention
  40. 40What ages is toddlerhood?1-3 years old
  41. 41Deictic Gesturesmeanings depend on context (such as pointing, showing, giving)
  42. 42Referential GesturesHave a precise referent and meaning that is stable across contexts
  43. 43Phonological Processespatterns of sound errors that typically developing children use to simplify speech as they are learning to talk
  44. 44Reduplicatingstresses syllable in a word: water becomes "wa-wa"
  45. 45Cluster ReductionRemoving a portion of a consonant cluster
    (Strong becomes "stong")
  46. 46Final-Consonant Deletioncat becomes "ca"
  47. 47Weak-syllable deletionbanana becomes "nana"
  48. 48SChildren change one sound, so it takes on the features of another sound in the same syllable
  49. 49Velar Assimilationdog becomes "gog"
  50. 50Nasal Assimilationcandy becomes "nanny"
  51. 51What marks the true beginning of syntax?The two word stage
  52. 52What is the purpose of a language sampleAllows an SLP to analyze a person’s language and compare the results to age-matched peers
  53. 53How would you conduct a language sample (strategies, conversation ideas)?1. Establish rapport
    2. Introduce any recording equipment
    3. Explain what you’ll be doing/purpose
    4. Vary the subject matter and use multiple environments as possible
    5. Model topics of responses if necessary
  54. 54What does MLU measure?Syntactic complexity
  55. 55How to calculate a child’s chronological ageToday’s date - birth date = chronological age
  56. 56What are the strategies to maintain an interaction for a language sample?1. Be enthusiastic
    2. Be patient
    3. Listen and take the child’s lead
    4.Show genuine interest in the conversation
    5. Treat the conversation like an adult conversation
    6. Keep the child’s perspective in mind and adapt language to the child’s needs
  57. 57What is the age of a preschooler?3-5 years old
  58. 58Contextualized textLanguage relies on the present situation or the here and now to construct meaning
  59. 59Decontextualized textRelies heavily on the language itself in the construction of meaning
  60. 60Metalinguistic Abilityability to view language as an object of attention
  61. 61Why is metalinguistic ability important?- Checks the result of own utterance
    - Checks if the listener understood; if not, repair/try again
    - Comments explicitly on own utterances and those of others
    - Corrects others
  62. 62What are the three important achievements in Emergent Literacy?1. Alphabet knowledge
    2. Print Awareness
    3. Phonological Awareness
  63. 63Phonological AwarenessSensitivity to the sound structure of words
  64. 64Examples of Phonological AwarenessSyllable awareness, word awareness, rhyme awareness, onset awareness, phoneme identity, phoneme blending, phoneme segmentation, phoneme counting, phoneme manipulation
  65. 65What are some of the last sounds developed?Possessive 's
  66. 66Fast Mappingwhen children acquire a general representation of a new word in as little as a single exposure
  67. 67Effects of peers and siblings-Preschoolers with more than three siblings tend to have smaller receptive vocabularies
    - Preschoolers with an older sibling who is attuned to the preschooler's language abilities and adjusts his/her own language do not exhibit lower receptive vocabularies
  68. 68What are the five stages after prereading stage:1. Initial rerading (decoding) stage
    2. Confirmation,fluency, and ungluing from print
    3. Reading to learn the new
    4. Multiple viewpoints
    5. Construction and reconstruction
  69. 69Direct Instructionlearn directly
  70. 70Contextual abstractionusing context clues in spoken and written forms to determine meanings of unfamiliar words
  71. 71Recountstelling a story about personal experiences or retelling a story that has been heard or read
  72. 72Accountsspontaneous personal narratives
  73. 73Event castsdescribe a situation as it happens
  74. 74Fictionalized storiesinvented narratives
  75. 75Language Disordermost prevalent type of communication impairment affecting children
  76. 76Common signs of a language disorder in preschool-omission of grammatical inflections
    -Difficulty with pronouns
    -Shorter MLU
    -Problems forming questions with inverted auxiliaries
    -Requests sound immature
    -Problems with group conversation and initiating
    -Problems with oral resolutions of conflicts
    -Longer reliance on gestures
    -Difficulty comprehending instructions and narratives
  77. 77Common signs of language disorder in elementary grades-Word-retrieval difficulty
    -Naming errors
    -Slower processing speed in language comprehension
    -Trouble with indirect requests
    -Difficulty with conversational discourse
    -Struggle with figurative, nonliteral, and abstract language
    -Problems providing sufficient information
    -Poor narrative cohesion
    -Struggle to request help or clarification
  78. 78Common signs of language disorders in adolescence- Difficulty expressing thoughts, needs, and ideas
    -Inappropriate responses
    -Problems providing sufficient information
    -Immature conversational participation
    -Difficulty requesting help or clarification
    -Difficulty providing details
    -Organizational difficulties in oral and written contexts
    -Word-retrieval difficulties
    -Delays in responding
  79. 79What are the four major areas of difficulty with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?1. Difficulty with social-emotional reciprocity
    2. Difficulty with nonverbal communicative behaviors
    3. Difficulty developing and maintaining relationships with others
    4. Restrictive and repetitive patterns of behavior and interest
  80. 80What are characteristics of an intellectual disability?-Diagosed in children younger than age 18 who meet two criteria:
    1. Significant limitations in intellectual functioning
    2. Significant limitations in adaptive behavior
    -Ranges from mild to profound
    -Most children with ID have at least mild language impairment
  81. 81What is a TBI?Traumatic Brain Injury
  82. 82What are common causes of TBI?Abuse, Intentional harm, Accidental poisoning, car accidents, and falls
  83. 83The impact of hearing loss can have on a child's language development depends on...-Timing of the loss
    -Severity of the loss
    -Age of identification
    -Exposure to language input
  84. 84Accentsdiffer only with pronunciations
  85. 85Dialectsdiffer with pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar

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Flashcards on Final Language Development Exam, created by Aly Allen on 02/05/2023.
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