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Flashcards

Naturalistic Research

Claudia McLennan English 64 cards

Cards in this deck (64)

  1. 1Who uses qualitative research?education, managing, psychology, sociology, marketing
  2. 2Characteristics of qualitative researchCarried out in natural settings, rejecting positivism, data is normally non numerical. Mainly verbal but can be pictures, sound, music, visual images and objects
  3. 3Qualitative studies avoidexperimental approaches
  4. 4Does qualitative research analyse the data inductively?Yes
  5. 5What is the etic?an outsiders perspective. Researchers are interested in them!
  6. 6True or false how people make sense of their lives is a major concern to QR. Participants are viewed as collaborators in the research process. Qr understands people, their actions, interactions and social environmenttrue
  7. 7Is qualitative research holistic?Yes
  8. 8When attempting to maintain a neural or objective point of view, there is lessstress
  9. 9What is often rejectedNeutrality and objectivity
  10. 10Descriptive or explanatory?Descriptive
  11. 11Why aren't representative sampling techniques an issue?because general propositions are not the goal
  12. 12In Positivism, what is realism?One reality. The world is ordered and structured
  13. 13What is objectivity?Observing phenomena independently. Knowledge is objectively knowable and knowledge can be expressed in a value neutral scientific language
  14. 14Positivism methodology (Quantitative) uses deductive or inductive conclusions to follow a set of hypotheses?Deductive
  15. 15Qualitative method examplesRCT, Non randomised control trial, survey, case study, cohort studies
  16. 16Characteristics of naturalism?used to study peoples experience, meanings, perceptions, social relationships and values.
  17. 17Characteristics of Subjectivityeach observer has their own world view.
    View formed by culture, context. Interaction with individuals to explore and interpret reality - inductive!!
  18. 18Is qualitative deductive or inductive? and why?inductive and it generates its own theory
  19. 19What types of observations are there?non verbal and verbal behaviour by notes, audio and radio
  20. 20What types of interviews are there?Structured, instructed, semi-structured and retrospective
  21. 21What type of qualitative tests are there?Diaries, notes, letters
  22. 22What type of focus groups are there?Semi structured or unstructured
  23. 23General principle and specific example isdeduction
  24. 24Specific principle and general exampleInduction
  25. 25Induction in naturalistic settings. How to conduct the study…identify the phenomena being studied, identify who is going to be in it, generate hypotheses, data collection, data analyse and interpret and conclude
  26. 26Are findings generalizable?No, need more studies replicated that quantitative studies
  27. 27Strength of naturalismsmall sample size, meaningful data, deeper level of understanding
  28. 28Weakness of naturalismgeneralizibilty, lack validity, overwhelmed by data
  29. 29Is a triangulation design qualitative, quantitative or both?Both
  30. 30Is a explanatory design qualitative, quantitative or both?Quantitative then qualitative
  31. 31Is exploratory design qualitative, quantitative or both?Qualitative then quantitative
  32. 32Characteristics of qualitative researchrich descriptive data, holistic. Data is typically words, pictures, objects. Accepts subjectivity and aware of the researchers worldview
  33. 33What is an observation?investigate how people act and what a situation looks like. Naturally occurring
  34. 34What is a participant observation - complete participant ?COVERT. Hidden and takes part of the group.
  35. 35What is a participant observation - participant as observer?Overt, takes part and is known to the group.
  36. 36Non participant observation- what is the complete observer?Covert - hidden and observes from outside
  37. 37Non participant observation- what is the observer as participant?Overt - known to the group but just observes
  38. 38Participants observers are more empathetic and understanding. T or F?True
  39. 39observer bias and effectsexpectations and experience influence what we notice and how we interpret it. observers need to be aware of their own expectations
  40. 40Ways to work with biasesreflect on own biases and expectations, be transparent about potential biases, member checking.
  41. 41What is an observational code?A category
  42. 42Characteristics of an interviewCommon method of qualitative research. Asks relevant questions, understands thoughts, feelings and intentions which is not observable. More flexible
  43. 43What is a structured interview?predetermined questions. Not allowed to ask new questions or take questions out. Easy to compare.
  44. 44What is a semi structured interview?questions set in advance but flexible to adapt and change order. More conversational
  45. 45What is an unstructured interview?topics decided in advance, participant has some control over conversation. Very flexible, difficult to compare
  46. 46What is a retrospective interview?Recalling a behaviour or event that occurred in the past. Limited to participants memory.
  47. 47Characteristics of focus groupsmore common in general research, considered a type of interview, asked series of questions and participants build off each others remarks. 4-8 per group.
  48. 48When are focus groups not important?Interested in individuals stories, common a particular attitude, info sensitive
  49. 49Types of questions asked in interviews and focus groupsbackground/demographic questions often last, knowledge questions, opinions or values, sensory questions, feelings
  50. 50Good interview techniqueethical considerations, informed consent, respect, natural welcoming, use open ended questions
  51. 51Questions to avoid!loaded questions - bias and imply an answer. dichotomous; do you like the new facility and rhetorical
  52. 52How to ensure validity in qual researchmember checking, external peer checking, transparent reporting
  53. 53Content analyse are analysed for theircontent. field notes of he researchers, journals kept by researchers, printed materials of all kinds
  54. 54Steps in content analysisdetermine objectives, define terms, specify units of analysis, docket relevant data, develop rationale, develop sampling plan, formulate explicit coding categories
  55. 55Manifest content isobviously visible / explicit
  56. 56Lantent content isinterpreted, implicit
  57. 57Nudist, NVIO and leximanar arecomputer tools for content analysis
  58. 58What is inter scorer reliability?variation in methods is taken by different people but using the same instructions or methods
  59. 59What is enthrography?studies people, ethnic groups, ethnic formations, compositions, resettlement, social welfare characteristics
  60. 60What century was field research traced in and what study?19th and anthropology (humans)
  61. 61What is colonialism?expansion of colonies in one territory by people in another territory
  62. 62Modern ethnographic research isobserves ordinary events and daily activities in natural settings, develops empathy and becomes directly involved, insider point of view as well as the analytic eye
  63. 63Examples of ethnographic researchdrug culture, criminal activity, homeless shelters, childcare facility, education
  64. 64—

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Flashcards on Naturalistic Research, created by Claudia McLennan on 26/10/2015.
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