Flashcards
Digestive system pt 2: The Liver
Cards in this deck (41)
- 1The largest internal organ of the bodyliver
- 2The liver weighs~2kg
- 3Functional lobe of the liverline from the gall bladder to the inferior vena cava
- 4TriadArtery, vein, bile duct; portal hepatic vein, proper hepatic artery, common bile duct
- 5Segmentdedicated arteriole supply
- 6Hepatocytesepithelial cells which make up the parenchyma (80%); de-toxify the material coming from the small intestines and also begin their degradation and synthesis processes
- 7Parenchymamulti-multi functional cells
- 8Ito (stellate) cellsproduce collagen, adipose
- 9Kupffer cellshepatic macrophages (dendritic cells); live along the capillaries ofthe liver; originate from monocytes
- 10Lymphocyteslots of NK cells
- 11Function of hepatocytesBile production; Synthesis of amino acids/proteins (albumin); Degradation of proteins; Production of triglycerides and cholesterol; Carbohydrates; breaks down RBCs and hormones; Stores iron, copper, zinc, Vitamins A, D, B12; Converts ammonia to urea; Destroys pathogens
- 12Celiac trunkstomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, first part of the duodenum
- 13One branch off the celiac trunk serves the liver...the proper hepatic artery
- 14Bring oxygenated arterial blood to liverproper hepatic; carries 25% of blood that enters the liver; the other is venous via PHV
- 15Celiac trunk -> cap bed ->splenic and gastric veins
- 16superior mesenteric artery -> cap bed ->superior mesenteric vein
- 17inferior mesenteric artery -> cap bed ->inferior mesenteric vein
- 18Portal hepatic vein (PHV)provides 75% of the blood to the liver
- 19Portal refers toa system in which the blood passes through a capillary bed, then and artery/vein and then through another capillary bed
- 20Bile exits the liver and is stored in thegallbladder
- 21bilirubin and cholesterol canCrystallize
- 22Functional units of the liver are calledlobules
- 23In the center of the lobule is thecentral vein
- 24Space between the endothelial cells and hepatocytessubendothelial space (perisinusoidal space or space of Disse)
- 25Perisinusoidal spaceallows fluid and solubles into the space
- 26Hepatocytes are constantly under stress from:being constantly exposed to toxic chemicals and pathogens; low pH (hypoxic)
- 27As much as 70% of the liver can be damaged, howeverthe threshold is individual
- 28Causes of liver damage:Alcohol abuse; abust of other chemicals (non-prescriptive); certain pharmaceuticals; toxic chemicals; Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Cystic fibrosis;fat that accumulates in the liver; inability to process sugars in milk; iron build up; too much copper accumulated in the liver
- 29Damage and death of the liver cells:Hepatocytes and endothelial cells lose their microvilli, closing of the sinusoidal spaces (they flatten out); damaged cells activate the Kupffer cells to release more chemicals; make stellate cells hyperactive; replacement of hepatocytes by CT (cirrhosis), crimps ducts and vessels
- 30Portal hypertensionhigh BP in the veins of the liver because of blockage
- 31Splenic bilirubin can't get into the liver and backs up causingjaundice
- 32Blood backs up the gastric veins with the esophageal veins; can rupture and the person can bleed out, often the cause of death among hardcore alcoholicsesophageal varices
- 33Blood backs up around the anus and anatomoses with the internal iliac veins; backing up with the rectal vessels causes enlargement of the rectal veinshemorrhoids
- 34blood backs up and anastomoses with the anterior abdominal wall veins. The anastomoses with the dilation, often centering on the umbilicuscaput medusae
- 35portal hepatic veins is usually 5 mmHg high than that of theinferior vena cava
- 36Portal hypertension causes blood to back up in the PHV, increasingPHV hydrostatic pressure
- 37The lymphatic system is designed to pick up fluid in the +2 to +6 mm Hg range. Anything higher will cause an accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavityascites
- 38(HPc - HPi) - (OPc - OPi) =movement in or out of capillary
- 39+2 net movementhandled by lymphatic system
- 40negative portal pressuremovement into the capillary
- 41positive portal pressuremovement out of the capillary
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- Flashcards on Digestive system pt 2: The Liver, created by eruttin on 26/10/2015.
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- eruttin
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