Flashcards
Plant genetics
Cards in this deck (22)
- 1Why alter plant genetics?Improve taste
Facilitate harvest
Tolerance to environmental stresses
Improve flowers/flower color
Increased nutritional value
Pest and disease resistance - 2DNAgenes that control an organism
- 3RNAgenetic material that makes proteins from the DNA
- 4MitosisSplitting a cell into two clone cells- done through vegetative propogation
- 5MeiosisDividing half the number of chromosomes to create a new organism with a unique set of genes- through sexual reproduction
- 6HaploidOne single set of genes, half the number of normal chromosomes
- 7Diploidpairs of chromosomes, normal set
- 8TripoidOne extra set of chromosomes
- 9TetraploidTwo extra sets of chromosomes
- 10Polyploidymany more times the normal number of chromosomes- more vigorous and productive plants
- 113(n) triploidCreated through double fertilization- second sperm unites with tissues in the ovary to create endosperm
- 12The process of cloning plantsPropagation through
cuttings
layering
grafting
tissue culture - 13Heterosis/hybrid vigorplants have greater size or vigor compared to parents
- 14Inbreeding depressiontoo many recessive alleles cause problems
- 15DioecySeparate male and female plants make cross-fertilization necessary
- 16IncompatibilityInability to pollinate own species
Requires a pollinator and a pollinizer - 17PollinatorInsect or bird that can carry pollen
- 18PollinizerPlant or tree than can fertilize another plant or tree
- 19Examples of incompatible treesSweet cherries, apples, plums, pears, almonds, hazelnuts
- 20Dichogamymale and female parts develop at different times, creating a need for cross-fertilization
- 21XeniaHappens with corn- cross-fertilization happens immediately. Corn should be separated by a mile or planted 2 weeks apart
- 22How to avoid problems with selection pressureRotating modes of action such as using different pesticides
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- horticulture Flashcards on Plant genetics, created by Carissa McClellan on 13/09/2023.
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- Carissa McClellan
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