Flashcards
term 2 review
Cards in this deck (51)
- 1Two things that influence growth and agingGenetic and extrinsic factors
- 2Patterns in growth and agingUniversality/patterns: patterns that are true to all humans
Specificity/variability: individual variation (nutrition and disease-extrinsic factors) - 3Two phases of prenatal growthembryonic growth: from conception to 8 weeks.
fetal growth: from 8 weeks to birth - 4define differentiationthe process wherein cells become specialized, forming specific tissues and organs
- 5when does an infants heart beat begin?4 weeks
- 6hyperplasiaan increase in the absolute number of cells
- 7hypertrophyan increase in the relative size of an individual cell
- 8what are the two directions of growth?Cephalocaudal & proximodistal
- 9what is cephalocaudal?the direction of growth, beginning at the head and extending toward the lower body. AKA head to toe
- 10what is proximodistal?direction of growth, growth proceeding from the body toward the extremities
- 11what is plasticitythe ability to modify;(capability to take on a new function) in regard to growth; it is to the tissues to subsume functions otherwise carried out by other tissues
- 12where is plasticity most reliantIn the CNS, but is it all over the body
- 13which factor has the most influence on fetal nouishment?Extrinsic factors - oxygen, nutrients, pressure, energy, toxic things
- 14Congenital defectsanomalies present at birth, regardless of whether their causes are genetic or extrinsic
- 15dominant disordersone parent passes on a defective gene
- 16recessive disordersinherit from both parents
- 17down syndromegenetic abnormality of trisomy 21, extra chromosome of 21.
- 18teratogensany drug or chemical that causes abnormal prenatal development upon exposure
- 19when is the rubella virus most harmful for a pregnant personthe earlier the infection the more serious, in the first 4 weeks of pregnancy.
- 20external risk factors for fetus development- internal and external pressure
- internal extreme temperature
- exposure to x-rays
- oxygen deficiency (atmospheric pressure)
- environmental pollutants - 21sigmoid curvesheight and weight
- 22age at takeoffrate of growth begins to increase
- 23what percent of adult weight does the brain achieve at age 480%
- 24T/F: tissues in the body can advance without increasing sizeTrue
- 25physiological maturationdevelopmental process leading to a state of full function
- advances qualitatively - 26secondary sex characteristics- used to assess physiological maturity in adolescents
- aspects of form or structure appropriate to males or females - 27menarchethe first period
- 28which factor plays a larger role in adulthood?extrinsic factors (diet, environment, lifestyle)
- 29catch-up growthrelatively rapid physical growth of the body to recover some or all potential growth lost, during a period of negative extrinsic influence. it occurs once the negative influence is removed
- 30anthropometrythe science of the measurement of the human physical form
- height, weight, segment length, circumference, body breadth - 31the skeletal systemprovides body structure. it is a living tissue, influenced by both genetic and extrinsic factors
- 32the muscular systemallows for movement, more than 200 muscles. influenced by genetic and extrinsic
- 33the adipose systemadipose tissue is important for energy storage, insulation, and protection
- 34the endocrine systemcontrols cellular functions through hormones. hypothalamus > pitutitary gland > regulates adrenal glands > thyroid glands > sex hormones
- 35the nervous systemvast. controls movement and speech. thinking, analysis, movement, memory, social, cognitive, motor development
- 36primary ossification centers - begins at fetal age (in mom) of 2 monthsareas in the midportion of the shafts of long bones where bone cells are formed so that the cartilage model bones of the fetal skeleton begin ossifying, from the center outward, to form bone shafts.
- 37during prenatal life, how does muscle growboth hyperplasia and hypertrophy
- 38sigmoid pattern in growth reflects a growth in what?in muscle tissue
- 39which system is most susceptible to teratogenic exposure during prenatal period?nervous system
- 40secondary ossification centersAKA: epiphyseal plate, growth plate, pressure epiphysis
- near ends of long bones, so bones grow in length, - 41new bone formation depends on whatadequate blood supply
- 42how does round bones mostly growfrom center and outwards
- 43appositional bone growthincrease in girth in bones
- 44growth hormonestimulate constructive metabolism in childhood and adolescence
- 45thyroid hormonesTSH works similar to GH
- 46Gonadal hormonesgrowth and sexual maturation. promote skeletal muscle and bone fusion. increasing nitrogen retention and protein synthesis for muscles. estrogen increases fat mass
- 47insulinindirect role in growth and development. from pancreas. carbs metabolism. helps GH. low insulin affects GH negatively.
- 48What is Positron emission tomography (PET)brain scans
- 49pre frontal cortex activitylittle acitivity at 5 days. increased at 11 weeks, up to adult levels at 7to8 months
- 50frontal cortex does not reach full maturityuntil 25 years of age
- 51—
Information
- Description
- KIN 207 Kin 207 midterm Flashcards on term 2 review, created by Weina Li on 20/11/2023.
- Created by
- Weina Li
- Views
- 0
- Rating