Flashcards
week 3 - tissues
Cards in this deck (40)
- 1What is adipose tissue and where do you find it?Fat/adipose tissue is a loose connective tissue that reduces heat loss, protects organs and acts as an energy reserve.
Found wherever areolar tissue is and around heart and kidneys. - 2What is dense irregular connective tissue and where do you find it?Strong collagen based tissue with tensile strength in multiple directions.
Sheets around muscles, skin and organs. Fibrous pericardium of heart, joint capsules - 3What is dense regular connective tissue and where do you find it?Strong collagen based tissues forming strong attachments.
Tendons and most ligaments - 4What is elastic connective tissue and where do you find it?Strong elastic tissue is a dense connective tissue allowing stretching in various organs and recoil to original shape.
Lung tissue, trachea, walls of elastic arteries. - 5What is areola connective tissue and where do you find it?"packing material"
it is a strong and elastic loose connective tissue containing collagen, elastic and reticular fibres.
Subcutaneous layer deeper to the skin, around blood vessels, nerves and body organs. - 6What is reticular connective tissue and where do you find it?Is a loose connective tissue providing framework and scaffolding for the cells in some organs.
Basement membrane of skin. Liver, spleen and lymph (acts as filter here) - 7What three substances make up connective tissue?ground substance
fibres
cells
(first two form extracellular matrix) - 8What are the four kinds of connective tissue?Fibres (dense and loose)
Cartilage
Liquid
Bone - 9What are three functions of cartilage?resist tension
precursor to bone
lubricates articular surface of joints - 10What are the three kings of cartilage?Hyaline (articular)
Fibrocartilage
Elastic - 11What is hyaline cartilage tissue and where do you find it?Smooth surface for movement at joints.
Most abundant cartilage.
found at ends of long bones and embryonic skeleton (to turn into bone later) - 12What is fibrocartilage tissue and where do you find it?is the strongest type of cartilage. used to join structures together.
Intervertebral discs, menisci of knee, pubic symphysis (where hip bones join in pubic area) - 13What is the function of elastic cartilage tissue and where do you find it?Strength and elasticity. Maintains shape of certain structures
External ear, epiglottis - 14What is the function of bone connective tissue and where do you find it?Support, protect, storage of minerals.
Compact and spongy bone tissue make up the bones in the body - 15What are the two liquid connective tissues?Blood and Lymph
- 16What is the elements and function of Blood?mostly water
red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
Transport o2 and co2, carry on phagocytosis and immune response. Blood clotting. - 17What is the extracellular matrixthe fibre and ground substance of connective tissue
- 18What is ground substance?Material that supports cells/fibres
It can be anything from a liquid to gel to bone. - 19What are characteristics of skeletal muscle cells 2x3Voluntarily controlled
connected to bones
body movement
long cylindrical cells
striated cells
many nuclei along each cell - 20What are characteristics of smooth muscle cells x6involuntarily controlled
allows you to direct your eyes
changes size of organs as it contracts
found in stomach, uterus, arteries
spindle shaped cells
single nucleus - 21What are characteristics of cardiac muscle cells x6involuntarily controlled
striated cells
branching cylindrical cells
intercalated discs
one or two nucleus
changes size of the heart as they contract - 22What two cells are found in nervous tissueneurons
neuroglia - 23What is neuroglia?"neural glue" providing structure and support to the other cells
- 24What are neutronsthe are the cells that communicate by sending nerve impulses (action potential)
- 25What kind of epithelial tissue is specialised for diffusion and filtration and secretion in serous membranes? Where can you find them?Simple squamous
lungs, blood vessels, epithelial layer of serous membrane. - 26What is the function and where would you find simple cuboidal epithelial tissue?secretion and absorption
Lines kidney tubules, covers ovary surface, secreting portion of glands eg thyroid. - 27What is the function and where would you find non-ciliated simple columnar epithelial tissue?Absorption and secretion
GI tract, ducts of many glands and gall bladder
Has microvilli in GI tract to increase surface area for absorption - 28What is the function and where would you find ciliated simple columnar epithelial tissue?Beat in motion to move substance across surface
Bronchioles of respiratory tract, uterine tubes (Falopian), central canal of spinal cord and ventricles of brain (moving fluid around the brain and spinal cord) - 29What is the function and where would you find pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial tissue?Secretes mucous to traps foreign particles and beats in motion to sweep away for elimination
upper respiratory tract - 30What is the function of transitional epithelium tissue and where do you find it?cells transition from rounded cuboidal to squamous shaped depending on fullness of bladder.
allows urinary organs to stretch and maintain protective lining.
lines urinary bladder and parts of the ureter and urethra. - 31What are the two types of simple epitheliumsimple
pseudostratified - 32What is stratified epitheliumtwo or more layers of cells.
- 33What is keratinised stratified squamous epithelium and where do you find it?many layered superficial layer of epidermis
to protect against abrasion, water loss, uv radiation and foreign invasion.
As cells travel towards the surface they're deprived of oxygen and die and packed with keratin protein. - 34What is the Apical surface?the free surface of the epithelium facing the hollow of internal organs (lumen) or superficial layer of skin.
- 35What are the two forms of tissue repair?regeneration or replacement.
- 36what is regeneration of tissue?new cells are identical to damaged cells
- 37what is replacement of tissue?new type of tissue develops - this may lead to scar tissue and loss of function
ie muscle tissue being replaced by connective tissue - 38what are three factors tissue repair is affected by?nutrition
blood circulation
age - 39what tissue has a continuous capacity for renewal?epithelium
typically regenerated to identical cells - 40what tissue has the poorest capacity for renewal?nervous