week 3 - tissues | Flashcards

Question	Answer
What is adipose tissue and where do you find it?	Fat/adipose tissue is a loose connective tissue that reduces heat loss, protects organs and acts as an energy reserve. Found wherever areolar tissue is and around heart and kidneys.
What is dense irregular connective tissue and where do you find it?	Strong collagen based tissue with tensile strength in multiple directions. Sheets around muscles, skin and organs. Fibrous pericardium of heart, joint capsules
What is dense regular connective tissue and where do you find it?	Strong collagen based tissues forming strong attachments. Tendons and most ligaments
What is elastic connective tissue and where do you find it?	Strong elastic tissue is a dense connective tissue allowing stretching in various organs and recoil to original shape. Lung tissue, trachea, walls of elastic arteries.
What is areola connective tissue and where do you find it?	"packing material" it is a strong and elastic loose connective tissue containing collagen, elastic and reticular fibres. Subcutaneous layer deeper to the skin, around blood vessels, nerves and body organs.
What is reticular connective tissue and where do you find it?	Is a loose connective tissue providing framework and scaffolding for the cells in some organs. Basement membrane of skin. Liver, spleen and lymph (acts as filter here)
What three substances make up connective tissue?	ground substance fibres cells (first two form extracellular matrix)
What are the four kinds of connective tissue?	Fibres (dense and loose) Cartilage Liquid Bone
What are three functions of cartilage?	resist tension precursor to bone lubricates articular surface of joints
What are the three kings of cartilage?	Hyaline (articular) Fibrocartilage Elastic
What is hyaline cartilage tissue and where do you find it?	Smooth surface for movement at joints. Most abundant cartilage. found at ends of long bones and embryonic skeleton (to turn into bone later)
What is fibrocartilage tissue and where do you find it?	is the strongest type of cartilage. used to join structures together. Intervertebral discs, menisci of knee, pubic symphysis (where hip bones join in pubic area)
What is the function of elastic cartilage tissue and where do you find it?	Strength and elasticity. Maintains shape of certain structures External ear, epiglottis
What is the function of bone connective tissue and where do you find it?	Support, protect, storage of minerals. Compact and spongy bone tissue make up the bones in the body
What are the two liquid connective tissues?	Blood and Lymph
What is the elements and function of Blood?	mostly water red blood cells white blood cells platelets Transport o2 and co2, carry on phagocytosis and immune response. Blood clotting.
What is the extracellular matrix	the fibre and ground substance of connective tissue
What is ground substance?	Material that supports cells/fibres It can be anything from a liquid to gel to bone.
What are characteristics of skeletal muscle cells 2x3	Voluntarily controlled connected to bones body movement long cylindrical cells striated cells many nuclei along each cell
What are characteristics of smooth muscle cells x6	involuntarily controlled allows you to direct your eyes changes size of organs as it contracts found in stomach, uterus, arteries spindle shaped cells single nucleus
What are characteristics of cardiac muscle cells x6	involuntarily controlled striated cells branching cylindrical cells intercalated discs one or two nucleus changes size of the heart as they contract
What two cells are found in nervous tissue	neurons neuroglia
What is neuroglia?	"neural glue" providing structure and support to the other cells
What are neutrons	the are the cells that communicate by sending nerve impulses (action potential)
What kind of epithelial tissue is specialised for diffusion and filtration and secretion in serous membranes? Where can you find them?	Simple squamous lungs, blood vessels, epithelial layer of serous membrane.
What is the function and where would you find simple cuboidal epithelial tissue?	secretion and absorption Lines kidney tubules, covers ovary surface, secreting portion of glands eg thyroid.
What is the function and where would you find non-ciliated simple columnar epithelial tissue?	Absorption and secretion GI tract, ducts of many glands and gall bladder Has microvilli in GI tract to increase surface area for absorption
What is the function and where would you find ciliated simple columnar epithelial tissue?	Beat in motion to move substance across surface Bronchioles of respiratory tract, uterine tubes (Falopian), central canal of spinal cord and ventricles of brain (moving fluid around the brain and spinal cord)
What is the function and where would you find pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial tissue?	Secretes mucous to traps foreign particles and beats in motion to sweep away for elimination upper respiratory tract
What is the function of transitional epithelium tissue and where do you find it?	cells transition from rounded cuboidal to squamous shaped depending on fullness of bladder. allows urinary organs to stretch and maintain protective lining. lines urinary bladder and parts of the ureter and urethra.
What are the two types of simple epithelium	simple pseudostratified
What is stratified epithelium	two or more layers of cells.
What is keratinised stratified squamous epithelium and where do you find it?	many layered superficial layer of epidermis to protect against abrasion, water loss, uv radiation and foreign invasion. As cells travel towards the surface they're deprived of oxygen and die and packed with keratin protein.
What is the Apical surface?	the free surface of the epithelium facing the hollow of internal organs (lumen) or superficial layer of skin.
What are the two forms of tissue repair?	regeneration or replacement.
what is regeneration of tissue?	new cells are identical to damaged cells
what is replacement of tissue?	new type of tissue develops - this may lead to scar tissue and loss of function ie muscle tissue being replaced by connective tissue
what are three factors tissue repair is affected by?	nutrition blood circulation age
what tissue has a continuous capacity for renewal?	epithelium typically regenerated to identical cells
what tissue has the poorest capacity for renewal?	nervous

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	Created by Georgia Whiting about 2 months ago