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Flashcards

Stress Management-Test 2

rainbowtrees English 46 cards

Cards in this deck (46)

  1. 1The Brain on StressStressors are detected by sensory organs; stress response is activated immediately; later, a cognitive appraisal is made to decide if the threat was real or not
  2. 2The Endocrine SystemOperates all of the glands that secrete hormones; one of the most important systems in the fight-or-flight response
  3. 3Glands Under Stress: PituitaryActivates the Autonomic Nervous System
  4. 4Glands Under Stress: AdrenalIncreases blood glucose and blood pressure; releases epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenaline and nonadrenaline)
  5. 5Glands Under Stress: ThyroidIncreases breathing rate and metabolic rate
  6. 6Autonomic Nervous SystemControls involuntary functions (heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate); Regulates changes happening due to hormone release; 2 components: Sympathetic-Arouses (fight-or-flight) and Parasympathetic-Calms (rest and digest)
  7. 7Cardiovascular System Under StressHeart rate and blood pressure increase, walls of blood vessels constrict; Stress-related illnesses include Coronary Artery Disease, Migraines/Tension headaches, Cerebral Hemorrhaging and strokes
  8. 8Gastrointestinal/Digestive System Under StressDecrease saliva, increase stomach acid, reduce gastric mucus in stomach, alters rhythmic movements in intestines; stress-related illnesses include obesity, acid reflux,, IBS and Colitus
  9. 9Muscular System Under StressMuscular contraction/bracing; the heart is also a muscle; stress can cause death of cardiac muscle cells; stress-related illnesses include back/neck pain and Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMJ)
  10. 10Immune System Under StressFunctional system rather than organ system, key component: white blood cells; stress-related illnesses include cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and allergies/asthma
  11. 11Components of Emotional Response: PhysiologicalThe bodily state or arousal accompanying the emotion
  12. 12Components of Emotional Response: CognitiveThe way we interpret the stimulus, situation or feeling
  13. 13Components of Emotional Response: BehavioralThe outward expression of the emotion (gestures, tone of voice, facial expression)
  14. 14EmotionsHigh intensity, short in duration, happen in response to something (a referent)
  15. 15MoodsLow intensity, long duration, often don't know why we feel that way (no referent)
  16. 166 Basic EmotionsAnger, fear, disgust, surprise, happiness, sadness; seem to be universally understood, recognized and experienced across cultures
  17. 17The James-Lange TheorySuggests that different patterns of arousal in the autonomic nervous system produce the different emotions that we feel; an event causes arousal and we label this arousal as a particular emotion; However, some emotions produce similar arousal responses, such as fear and anger
  18. 18The Cannon-Bard TheoryEmotion-provoking stimuli are received by senses and are relayed simultaneously to the cortex and thalamus; conscious experience of the emotion and feeling of arousal are simultaneous
  19. 19The Schachter-Singer TheoryArgued for importance of cognitive appraisal; we must first experience physiological arousal which we later cognitively interpret so that we can label it as an emotion
  20. 20Emotions and StressEmotions do not constitute stress, but are linked to stress in several ways: as triggers for stress, as a by-product of stressful situations, as a way of sustaining a stress response
  21. 214 Categories of EmotionsNasty emotions, existential emotions, empathetic emotions and emotions provoked by unfavorable life conditions
  22. 22Nasty EmotionsAnger: stems from personal offense or harm, blame towards person/situation; hostility: simmering, angry disposition in the absense of the person/situation; envy: wanting what others have; jealousy: resenting someone for taking something we value
  23. 23Existential EmotionsFright: response to sudden, overwhelming physical danger; anxiety: vague, anticipatory sense of unease/concern; guilt: real or imagined moral transgression; shame: sense of personal failure or of letting someone down
  24. 24Empathetic EmotionsGratitude: pressure to appreciate an altruistic gift or action; compassion: being emotionally moved by another's misfortune or suffering and feeling the need to help
  25. 25Emotions Provoked by Unfavorable Life ConditionsRelief: removal from a frustrating or threatening situation; hope: fearing the worst, yet yearning for the best; depression: mix of anxiety, anger, guilt and shame, often accompanying a loss; sadness: acceptance of a loss that cannot be restored; accompanied by loss of hope
  26. 26Personality PsychologyConcerned with understanding individual differences (thoughts, attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, emotions, etc.)
  27. 27Freudian ApproachLarge parts of our mind that we are unaware of (conscious vs unconscious); Id, Ego and Superego, constantly in a struggle; could be revealed through dream analysis and psychoanalysis; personality formed as a result of whether or not irrational
    needs were met
  28. 28Behaviorist ApproachThe mind is a black box that cannot be observed; Personality is shaped through positive/negative associations with stimuli; Pavlov's dogs, Little Albert Study
  29. 29Developmental ApproachesVarious theories that examined how personality develops in stages across several key areas: psychosocial interaction, intellectual development, moral-ethical
  30. 30Humanistic ApproachPersonality is closely linked with the fulfillment of needs; needs can be arranged in a hierarchy from basic to complex
  31. 31Type AStress-prone; competitive, hostile, unable to relax, easily angered; anger and hostility associated with this type may also be linked to early death and coronary heart disease
  32. 32Type CCancer-prone; respond to failure and frustration by becoming hopeless/giving up; prone to suppressing emotions and learned helplessness
  33. 33Type BStress-resistant; opposite of Type A; relaxed, easygoing, non-competitive; fewer daily hassles, not easily frustrated, lower incidence of coronary heart disease
  34. 34Hardy PersonalityThrive under pressure; 3 core personality traits: commitment (sense of purpose/meaning in life and relationships), control (in charge of one's life) and challenge (being flexible and open to change)
  35. 35Stress-Resistance Personality TraitsIntelligence: linked to informed/proper appraisal of threats; Creativity: flexibility; Problem-solving: goes hand-in-hand with creativity; Communication: less frustration about being misunderstood by others; Emotional Intelligence
  36. 36Emotional IntelligenceTrait-based rather than type-based; 2 approaches: Mayer-Salovay and Golemen
  37. 37EI: Mayer-Salovay4 main categories of skill: ability to perceive emotions, ability to use emotions, ability to understand emotions and ability to manage emotions
  38. 38EQ-Goleman5 domains: knowing your emotions, managing your emotions, motivating yourself, recognizing/understanding others' emotions, managing relationships
  39. 39Acute Stress and Psychological IllnessAnxiety disorders (PTSD, panic attacks, generalized anxiety, acute stress disorder)
  40. 40Panic AttacksUnexpected periods of intense fear; 3 types: unexpected, situational and situationally predisposed; Panic disorder: 4 or more attacks within 4 weeks
  41. 41Acute Stress DisorderRapid development of anxiety and disassociation that occurs within 1 month of a traumatic event; similar to PTSD except for length of time; event doesn't have to happen to the person specifically (ex. 9/11)
  42. 42Chronic Stress and Psychological IllnessBurnout, anxiety disorders (stress-related phobias or generalized anxiety disorder), mood disorders (stress-related bipolar, dysthymic and major depressive disorders)
  43. 43Stress-Related GADUnrealistic, excessive anxiety about 2 or more life circumstances for 6 months or more; feelings of tension, irritability, lack of focus; physical sensations like a stress response
  44. 44Stress-Related Major Depressive DisorderDepressed mood, loss of interest/pleasure; occurs all day, every day for at least 2 weeks; changes in sleep, appetite, energy; feelings of worthlessness or guilt, suicidal thoughts
  45. 45Stress-Related Dysthymic DisorderAKA Chronic depression; low-level depressive symptoms for over 2 years
  46. 46Stress-Related BipolarFluctuation between major depressive episodes and manic states; different than seasonal affective disorder (mild fluctuation in moods brought on by environmental variables)

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Flashcards on Stress Management-Test 2, created by rainbowtrees on 03/11/2015.
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