3944457
Description
Flashcards by Alex Nguyen, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Alex Nguyen
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the characteristics of heroic poetry | * Stern, strict mood * Realistic in treatment * Claims to deal w/ exploits of heroes who have had a real place in history |
| What was heroic poetry replaced by | The romance |
| What are the characteristics of romance | * Escapist * The marvelous introduced for its sake * Heroine introduced * Love = important subject * Characters fight on principles or as a matter of fashion * Courtly love |
| Explain what courtly love is | * Based on feudal system and only exists in literature * A service between master (lady) and slave (knight). The knight serves the lady of his choice, thinks only of her and is loyal to her for life. *NEVER between husband and wife |
| What were the knights' obligations | * Must conform to strict code of honor * Must dedicate hims. to cause of women in general * Must always help damsels in distress * Must commend himself to her when he goes out for war * RARELY received a concrete award |
| Who divided medieval romance into 3 categories | Jean Bodel (a minstrel) |
| What were the 3 categories of romance called and what were they about | * /Matter of France/: Charlemagne and his knights * /Matters of Rome the Great/: the heroes of the Ancient world * /Matter of Britain/: King Arthur and the knights of the Round Table |
| In which categories do we find /Sir Gawain and the Green Knight/ | In /Matter of Britain/ |
| When and where does the story take place | * During the Yuletide = Christmas time = time to eat & to be married * In England, in Camelot, at King Arthur's court |
| Who appears when Arthur and his knights are at the table and what does he asks | A green knight on a green horse comes and asks "Which one of you have the courage to come up front and chop off my head?" |
| Who accepts the challenge | King Arthur accepts the challenge, but the knights hold him back--> Sir Gawain takes on the challenge instead |
| What is the Green Knight's pact and what is Sir Gawain's response | * Pact: in 1 year and 1 day, they will meet again in a green field for a tournament * Sir Gawain accepts and chops off the Green Knight's head, who picks it up, puts it back on and gallops away |
| One year later... | Sir Gawain searches for the green field, but gets lost. He then sees a light coming from a castle. He knocks at the door, the master answers and invites him to stay |
| Why does Sir Gawain accept to stay | Because it is not far from the green field |
| What is the deal made between the castle's host and Sir Gawain | The host and Sir Gawain will share whatever they have gained at the end of the day |
| DAY 1 | During breakfast, a vision comes in: a beautiful woman = the host's wife. Sir Gawain avoids the lady's advances, but gets a kiss on the cheek => hosts gives what he has bagged => Sir Gawain gives a kiss on the cheek |
| DAY 2 | Repeat of DAY 1 |
| DAY 3 | The lady gives Sir Gawain a green sash that has magical powers: the person wearing it doesn't get killed or injured => the host gives what he has bagged => Sir Gawain gives a kiss instead of the sash |
| DAY 4 | Sir Gawain leaves the castle for the green field. The Green Knight arrives; he is the host. They fight and Sir Gawain wins, but is badly wounded. |
| What happens after the battle | Sir Gawain returns to Arthur's castle and tells him about everything |
| What started the Order of the Garter | From then on, every knight of the Round Table must wear a green garter like the one Sir Gawain had |
| Why did Sir Gawain get badly wounded | * He didn't keep his end of the bargain * He put his faith in magic instead in God * Not because he accepted the gift |
| What virtues a knight should have | * Chastity * Charity * Courage * Courtesy * Nobility * Loyalty * Truthfulness * Piety |
| Which virtues Sir Gawain didn't have | Truthfulness and piety |
| What are the 2 parts of the test Sir Gawain must pass | * The beheading of the Green Knight * Resist the temptation of the lady |
| At that time, what other forms of literature appeared and give their definition | * Fables: characters = animals * Allegories: good/evil, virtues/vices personnified * Ballads: story set to music |
| Give examples of names used in allegories | * Man: Christian represents all the Christians * Market: Vanity Fair is where we find all the sins * Villain: No-Good-Body |
| What was Geoffrey Chaucer considered as? | * Father of Middle English literature |
| What were the elements of medieval literature that found their peek in Goeffrey Chaucer's work | * Christianity * Courtly love * Fables * Allegories * Romance * Political verse |
| What did Chaucer bring to Middle English | A subtlety, polish and flexibility to Middle English |
| What languages had he worked with and in which one did he write | He had worked in French and Latin, but chose to write in English |
| What is so special about his burial | He was the first writer to be buried in the Poet's Corner in Westminster Abbey |
| What is his most known masterpiece | /The Canterbury Tales/ |
| What is so special about that book | It is the first book to be printed by the first English printer William Caxton |
| What is it about | * In April, 29 pilgrims are at the Tabard Inn, in Southwark * On their way to Canterbury where Thomas Becket (Archbishop of Canterbury) was murdered in 117 * Chaucer joins them |
| What does the owner of the Inn suggests | * Each pilgrim will tell a story going to Canterbury and another one going back from Canterbury * The best storyteller will win a free summer at the Inn |
| How many stories did Chaucer write and what happened before he could write all the stories | * 24 stories * Chaucer died |
| Why did the pilgrims ask Chaucer to shut up | Because his story was so boring |
| Who were the pilgrims | * Knight * Doctor * Cook * Squire * Merchant * Nun * Pardoner *Wife of Bath => part of classes of the 14th Century |
| Who tells the first story, why and what is it about | * The Knight * Because he is the highest ranked member * About love, war and chivalry |
| Which class do the Merchant and the Miller represent | The middle class |
| What does the majority of the pilgrims (Pardoner, Nun) represent | The Church |
| What did Chaucer showed through some of the clerical characters | The power and decay of the medieval Church |
| What does /The Canterbury Tales/ start off with and what is its purpose | * General prologue * Gives the picture of the pilgrims |
| From where are taken the tales of Chaucer's pilgrims and do they reflect | * From traditionnal sources * Each reflects the personnality of the presentor Example: * Miller's tale is a bawdy (humorusly indecent) romp * Knight's tale if about the ideals of chivalry * Wife of Bath's tale is a comment on marriage |
| What is so special about the Wife of Bath | She is one of the most famous female character in English literature |
| Which prologue is the longuest in the book | The Wife of Bath's prologue |
| What was she known for and what does it symbolize | Her red horse is as vivid as the gap between her teeth, which is a mark of sexuality in those days |
| How many times was she married and widowed | 5 times |
| What characterizes her justification | It is rich in comic relief |
| What does she end up proving | Sex isn't a sin |
| What is her tale about | A knight who must find our what women most desire (power) |
| What is her idea of a proper marriage | In a proper marriage, the woman rules. Both the husband and the wife are happier for it |
| What is a pardoner | A Church official who sells divine forgiveness, pardons |
| What impression do we get from Chaucer's description of the Pardoner | Chaucer doesn't care for the Pardoner |
| What does Chaucer uses to describe the Pardoner and give examples | He uses animals. Examples: * Hair hangs like a rat's tail * Eyes balge out like a hare * Voice is like a goat * Looks like a gelding (castrated male horse) or mare (female horse) since he had no hair on his chin |
| What is the Pardoner's tale about | About drinking, gambling, swearing and greed |
| How does the Pardoner's tale begin | * In the morning, 3 drunks hear the death knell (death bell) * Ask the servant who died: "Death is o a killing spree, he killed a friend of yours" |
| What do the drunks decide to do after learning the sad news | They decide to kill Death (think Death = person) and make a pact before running off, screaming "Death is dead!" |
| Who do they encounter and how do they react | * They come across a poor man who is in their way * They are rude, they insult him |
| What do they ask the man and what does he answer | * 3 drunks: "Have you seen Death?" * Poor man: "Yes, he is by that tree." |
| What do they find at the tree and how do they react | * Bags of gold * They forget about Death |
| Who is chosen to go to the village and why | * The youngest one * To get supplies |
| While the youngest is at the village, what is happening between the 2 remaining | They wonder (especially the 1rst one): "Wouldn't it be nice if we divide the gold just between the 2 of us?" => they decide to kill the youngest |
| On the way to the village, what is the youngest thinking about | "Wouldn't it be nice to have all the gold for myself?" => goes to the apothecary: buys poison and 3 wine bottles (2 are poisoned) |
| What happens when the youngest gets to the tree | * The 2 others stab him * To celebrate, they drink the poisoned wine and die => They all found Death |
| Why did the drunks die | Because of their greed |
| What was a popular play in the 15th Century | /Mankind/ |
| What was it about | A poor peasant who must swear an oath of loyalty to the 7 deadly Sins |
| What are the 7 deadly Sins | * Pride (because of Lucifer) * Greed * Lust *Gluttony * Sloth * Envy * Wrath |
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