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Flashcards

Chapter 8: Judaism

Cassie Xayaseng Intro to Religion college English 102 cards

Cards in this deck (102)

  1. 1The destruction of the Second Temple of Jerusalem by the Romans in 70 CE brought about the end of the ____ ceremonial religion of Israel.temple-based
  2. 2The Hebrew Bible is divided into three sections: ____.Torah, Nevi’im, Ketuvim
  3. 3____ was the first Hebrew patriarch. God entered into a solemn covenant with him, which involved a promise of land, protection, and descendants.Abraham
  4. 4In a story from Genesis, Jacob wrestles all night long with a mysterious stranger—God or God’s Angel. At dawn, the fight is over, and Jacob receives from the stranger a new name,____ , which means “wrestles with God.”Israel
  5. 5In Hebrew, the name for God, usually associated with the verb hayah (“to be”), is commonly written as this: ____.Yahweh
  6. 6The Babylonian ____ contains legal material and nonlegal anecdotes and tales.Talmud
  7. 7In eighteenth-century central Europe, Jewish traditionalism expressed itself in both Talmudic scholarship and in ____, a devotional movement.Hasidism
  8. 8Modern practice of Judaism marked by equality of genders.reform
  9. 9Critical analysis and interpretation of texts is the basis of this form of Judaism.Rabbinical Judaism
  10. 10Form of Judaism based on centralized temple worship.Biblical Judaism
  11. 11Collection of books of sacred texts called the Tanakh after the first letters of the main sections.Hebrew Bible
  12. 12The Temple rebuilt after the return from Babylonia and dedicated in 515 B.C.E.Second Temple
  13. 13The great patriarch of the Jewish people.Abraham
  14. 14The one to whom the Ten Commandments were given.Moses
  15. 15Day of rest called Shabbat in Hebrew and set aside for worship, study, and prayer.Sabbath
  16. 16Abraham receives the covenant between God and humanity.1800 BCE
  17. 17The Ten Commandments given to Moses.1250 BCE
  18. 18The first Passover when the Jews prepared to leave Egypt.1300 BCE
  19. 19The First Temple built by King Solomon.1000 BCE
  20. 20The northern Kingdom overrun by Assyrians.920 BCE
  21. 21The Second Temple Dedicated.515 BCE
  22. 22Romans destroy the Second Temple.70 CE
  23. 23_________ is the name for the attempted extermination of Jews from Europe during World War II.The Holocaust
  24. 24_________ is one form of Judaism that arose as a response to the Renaissance.Hasidism
  25. 25_________ are the writings of Jewish mysticism that arose during the Middle Ages.The Kabbalah
  26. 26Judaism, Christianity, and Islam claim _________ as their patriarch.Abraham
  27. 27The state of Israel was created at the end ofWW2
  28. 28The _________ Empire destroyed the Second Temple in 70 C.E.Roman
  29. 29Comes shortly after the Days of Awe and celebrates the harvest season.Sukkot
  30. 30Recalls the rededication of the temple during the First Temple era by the Maccabees celebrated by 8 days of gift giving and lighting of the menorah, a special nine-candle holder.Hanukkah
  31. 31Occurs in late winter and commemorates the courage of the Hebrew queen Esther and her uncle Mordecai in saving the Hebrews from destruction.Purim
  32. 32Celebrates the beginning of the exodus from Egypt and the sparing of the firstborn sons of the Israelites from the plagues visited on the Egyptians by the Israelite god. A special meal and the retelling of the exodus story of deliverance mark this holiday.Passover
  33. 33Established in 1959 to commemorate the Shoah or Holocaust during World War II, the holiday includes services honoring those who died.Yom Hashoah
  34. 34Judaism views humanity as a _________.mirror or image of God
  35. 35A man at prayer wears a _________talit or prayer shawl
  36. 36The traditional coming of age ceremony for boys is called a _________.bar mitzvah
  37. 37Food produced and prepared by Jewish dietary laws is called _________.kosher
  38. 38The High Holy Day of Atonement is called _________.Yom Kippur
  39. 39The day of rest in a 7-day period is called _________.Sabbath or Shabbat
  40. 40Great scientistAlbert Einstein
  41. 41Famous actorLauren Bacall
  42. 42Actor/DirectorWoody Allen
  43. 43Photographer who was considered the "father of photojournalism"Alfred Eisenstaedt
  44. 44Contemporary photographerAnnie Leibovitz
  45. 45Great contemporary violinistItzhak Perlman
  46. 46Founder of the philosophical school of deconstructionismJacques Derrida
  47. 47Major contributions to psychology including the "hierarchy of needs"Abraham Maslow
  48. 48The collection of books that comprise the sacred texts of Judaism.Hebrew Bible
  49. 49Early temple-based religious practice centrally located to Israel.Biblical Judaism
  50. 50Debate and critical analysis of sacred texts that arose after the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 C.E.Rabbinical Judaism
  51. 51Coincides with time calculations on the Gregorian calendar beginning in the year 1.Common Era (C.E.)
  52. 52Coincides with the Gregorian calendar counted backward from the year 1 B.C.E.Before Common Era (B.C.E.)
  53. 53Time counted from the era of the ancient Hebrews that is roughly based on the lunar cycles.Jewish calendar
  54. 54Modern movement in Judaic thought that forms the basis of diverse practices of Judaism today.Reform
  55. 55Teaching stories of creation, exile, and exodus of the ancient Hebrews.Torah
  56. 56Writings of the prophets of the ancient Hebrews.Nevi'im
  57. 57Literary texts of stories, poems, hymns, and reflections on life and its meaning.Ketuvim
  58. 58Comprised of the three sections of the Hebrew Bible and named for the first three letters of the three sections: Torah, Nevi'im, and Ketuvim; also called Tanak.Tanakh
  59. 59Interpretive writings of the Tanakh compiled by rabbis of different philosophical orientations and different generations.Talmud
  60. 60Ashkenazim (ash-ken-ah’-zeem)Jews who lived in or came from central Europe.
  61. 61bar (bat) mitzvah“Son (daughter) of the commandment” (Aramaic); the coming-of-age ceremony that marks the time when a young person is considered a legal adult within the Jewish community.
  62. 62biblical JudaismJudaism before the destruction of the Second Temple (70 CE).
  63. 63Canaan (kay’-nun)An ancient name for the land of Israel.
  64. 64Conservative JudaismA branch of Judaism that attempts to blend the best of old and new Judaism.
  65. 65covenantA contract; the contract between the Hebrews and their God, Yahweh.
  66. 66diaspora (dai-as’-poh-rah)The dispersion of Jews beyond Israel, particularly to Persia, Egypt, and the Mediterranean region.
  67. 67EssenesA reclusive semimonastic Jewish group that flourished from c. 150 BCE to 68 CE.
  68. 68Hanukkah (hah’-nuk-kah)An early-winter festival recalling the rededication of the Second Temple, celebrated with the lighting of candles for eight days.
  69. 69HolocaustThe destruction of European Judaism by the Nazis; also known as Shoah (Hebrew: “extermination”).
  70. 70Kabbalah (kah-bah’-luh or kah’-bah-luh)“Received,” “handed down”; the whole body of Jewish mystical literature.
  71. 71Ketuvim (keh-too-veem’)“Writings”; the third section of the Hebrew scriptures, consisting primarily of poetry, proverbs, and literary works.
  72. 72kosher (koh’-shur)“Ritually correct”; refers particularly to food preparation and food consumption.
  73. 73menorah (meh-noh’-ruh)A candelabrum usually containing seven—and occasionally nine—branches, used for religious celebrations.
  74. 74Messiah (meh-sai’-uh)A savior figure to be sent by God, awaited by the Jews
  75. 75midrash (mid’-rash)“Search”; rabbinical commentary on the scriptures and oral law.
  76. 76Nevi’im (neh-vee-eem’)“Prophets”; the second section of the Hebrew scriptures, made up of historical and prophetic books.
  77. 77Orthodox JudaismThe most traditional branch of Judaism.
  78. 78Passover (Pesach)A joyful spring festival that recalls the Hebrews’ exodus from Egypt and freedom from oppression.
  79. 79PhariseesA faction during the Second Temple period that emphasized the observance of biblical rules.
  80. 80prophetA person inspired by God to speak for him.
  81. 81Purim (poo’-reem)A joyous festival in early spring that recalls the Jews’ being saved from destruction, as told in the Book of Esther.
  82. 82rabbi (rab’-ai)A religious teacher; a Jewish minister.
  83. 83rabbinical JudaismJudaism that developed after the destruction of the Second Temple (70 CE).
  84. 84ReconstructionismA modern liberal branch of Judaism that emphasizes the cultural aspects of Judaism.
  85. 85ReformA movement beginning in the nineteenth century that questioned and modernized Judaism; a liberal branch of Judaism.
  86. 86Rosh Hashanah (rosh hah-shah’-nah)“Beginning of the year”; the celebration of the Jewish New Year, occurring in the seventh lunar month.
  87. 87Sabbath“Rest”; the seventh day of the week (Saturday), a day of prayer and rest from work.
  88. 88Sadducees (sad’-dyu-sees)A priestly faction, influential during the Second Temple period.
  89. 89Seder (say’-dur)“Order”; a special ritual meal at Passover, recalling the Hebrews’ exodus from Egypt.
  90. 90Sephardim (seh-far’-deem)Jews of Spain, Morocco, and the Mediterranean region.
  91. 91Sukkot (soo-koht’)“Booths”; a festival in the late autumn that recalls the Jews’ period of wandering in the desert after their exodus from Egypt.
  92. 92tallit (tahl-lit’)A prayer shawl worn by devout males during morning prayer.
  93. 93Talmud (tahl’-mood)An encyclopedic commentary on the Hebrew scriptures.
  94. 94Tanakh (tah-nak’)The complete Hebrew scriptures, made up of the Torah, Prophets (Nevi’im), and Writings (Ketuvim).
  95. 95tefillin (teh-fil’-in)Phylacteries; two small boxes containing biblical passages, which are worn by Orthodox males on the head and left arm at morning prayer during the week.
  96. 96theophany (thee-ah’-fuh-nee)A revelation or appearance of God.
  97. 97Torah (toh’-rah)“Teaching,” “instruction”; the first five books of the Hebrew scriptures; also, the additional instructions of God, believed by many to have been transmitted orally from Moses through a succession of teachers and rabbis.
  98. 98Western WallThe foundation stones of the western wall of the last temple of Jerusalem, today a place of prayer.
  99. 99yarmulke (yar’-mool-kah)The skullcap worn by devout males.
  100. 100Yom Kippur (yohm kip-puhr’)Day of Atonement, the most sacred day of the Jewish year.
  101. 101ZealotsAn anti-Roman, nationalistic Jewish faction, active during the Roman period of control over Israel.
  102. 102ZionismA movement that has encouraged the creation and support of the nation of Israel.

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college Intro to Religion Flashcards on Chapter 8: Judaism, created by Cassie Xayaseng on 19/07/2024.
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Cassie Xayaseng
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