Flashcards
socioliogy
Cards in this deck (20)
- 1POSTIVISMpositivism i an approach in sociology based on studying society in a scientific.
they study things like:
such as human social behavior
and how societies are structured.
.quantive data
.large scale
.normally includes numbers - 2INTERPERTIVISMinterpretivism argue that individuals are not just puppets who react to external social forces as Positivists believe.
Interpretivists argue that in order to understand human action we need to see the world through the eyes of the actors doing the acting.
.qualitive data
.participant observation
.small scale - 3QUESTIONNAIRESquestionaires is a list of written questions which can be completed in one of two ways
- 4OPEN-ENDEDQUESTIONNAIRESopen-eneded questions are when you are able to write your own opinion.
- 5ADVANTAGES OF OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS.The participant isn’t limited by set answers, so they can express what they really mean and explain why they think this
.The interviewer can follow up with more questions, meaning you get richer data
.In general you get richer data because the answers will be longer and more in depth - 6DISADVANTAGES OF OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS.You get qualitative data, which is hard to quantify and analyse
.This makes it hard to compare one set of data with another
.The interviewer has to interpret the data, and they could interpret it differently to how the participant meant it. - 7CLOSED-ENDED QUESTIONNAIRESclosed ended questions is where you have have to chose the answer from boxes,so its like multiple choice questions
- 8ADVANTAGES OF CLOSE-ENDED QUESTIONS.Quick to complete
.Data is quantitative so easy to analyse and computer
.They allow comparisons to be made with other sets of data
.The research is easy to repeat - 9EXPERIMENTSA social experiment is a research project conducted with human subjects in the real world that typically investigates the effects of a policy intervention by randomly assigning individuals, families, businesses, classrooms.
- 10LAB EXPERIMENTSin this type of a experiment the researcher is able to control most aspects of the researcher.
- 11FIELD EXPERIMENTSthis type of experiment takes place in the real world. They tell us more about how people behave.
- 12POSTTIVISTS-EXPERIMENTSthey like to use experiments as they are able to investigate casual relationship among variables.
- 13OBSERVATIONSParticipant observation is where the researcher joins in with the group she or he is studying.
This method is usually favoured by interpretivists as they can understand the meaning behind the behaviour of the group they observe. By putting themselves in the shoes of the participants they can understand why people act in certain ways. - 14COVERT OBSERVATIONin a covert observation the participants do not know you are observing them for research
- 15OVERT OBSERVATIONin this observation the participants knows that you are observing them
- 16PARTICIPANT OBSEVARTIONThe participant observation method, is when a sociologist actually becomes a part of the group they are studying in order to collect data and understand a social phenomenon or problem.
During participant observation, the researcher works to play two separate roles at the same time: subjective participant and objective observer. Sometimes, though not always, the group is aware that the sociologist is studying them. - 17NON PARTICIPANT OBSERVATIONSome observations are carried out without the researcher participating. There are several reasons the researcher might choose to do this, one because it eliminates the risk that people will be affected by the presence of a researcher, or it could be that the groups might be unwilling to cooperate in research if you participate in the experiment.
- 18INTERVIEWSInterviewing is a method of qualitative research in which the researcher asks open-ended questions orally and records the respondent’s answers. Interviewing is typically done face-to-face, but can also be done via telephone.
- 19STRUCTURED INTERVIEWSstructured interviews are simply questionnaires which are read out by the interviewer who the records the respondents answer.
- 20UNSTRUCTURED INTERVIEWSunstructured interviews are more like every day conversations. they are more informal and more free-flowing