Flashcards
Philosophy Unit 3 terms
Cards in this deck (13)
- 1Justicejust behavior or treatment.
- 2distributive justiceseek to specify what is meant by a just distribution of goods among members of society. All
- 3Social Goodservice that benefits the largest number of people in the largest possible way ex (education, health care, housing, food, transportation)
- 4Political GoodPolitical goods are goods arising out of the existence of governments. ex (free speech, freedom of religion, right to vote...)
- 5Principles of Justice1 Each individual is to have as much political liberty as is consistent with everyone else having the same amount
2 Equality in distribution of other goods is to be prefered unless inequality meets two conditions:
- The inequality must be to everyone's advantage
- Extra shares must be attached to jobs or positions to which everyone has access under conditions of equal opportunity - 6Original PositionA hypothetical situation where rational, self interested individuals with similar needs & desires decide on principles for the distribution of political and social goods while behind a "Veil of Ignorance" while unaware of their personal characteristics
- 7Veil of Ignorancewhen an individual is unaware of their personal characteristics
- 8Entitlement Theory
- 9End-Result Theory of JusticeTheories that emphasize assessing a distribution for its consistency with some ideal structural principle
- 10Historical Theory of JusticeTheories that emphasize the history of the distribution (how things came to be distributed in the way they are)
- 11State of naturehypothetical conditions of what the lives of people might have been like before societies came into existence
- 12Social Contractis the view that persons' moral and/or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement among them to form the society in which they live.
- 13Principle of FairnessFirst Principle: Each person has the same indefeasible claim to a fully adequate scheme of equal basic liberties, which scheme is compatible with the same scheme of liberties for all;
Second Principle: Social and economic inequalities are to satisfy two conditions:
They are to be attached to offices and positions open to all under conditions of fair equality of opportunity;
They are to be to the greatest benefit of the least-advantaged members of society