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Flashcards

Battle for the biosphere

alexandraswebb English 72 cards

Cards in this deck (72)

  1. 1BiosphereThe living part of the earth (plants and animals)
  2. 2EcosystemA community of plants and animals that interact with each other and their physical environment
  3. 3BiomeA plant and animal community covering a large area of the Earth's surface i.e. tropical rainforest
  4. 44 characteristics of a deciduous forestHigh altitudes, high rainfall, weak sun rays, cool winter temperatures (makes leaves fall off leaves - autumn)
  5. 54 characteristics of tundraFound at arctic circle, weak sun rays, temperatures below freezing, adapted plants and animals
  6. 63 characteristics of a coniferous forestConifer trees (needle leaves), 60' North, freezing temperatures
  7. 75 characteristics of a desertNorthern hemisphere-close to tropic of cancer, sourthern hemispher-close to tropic of capricorn, adapted plants and animals, dry air, concentrated sun rays
  8. 84 characteristics of a tropical forestHeavy rainfall (=evergreen), moist rising air, concentrated sun rays, either side of equator
  9. 9Local factors that affect world distribution of biomesRelief/Aspect, altitude, geology/drainage
  10. 10Global factors that affect world distribution of biomesContinentality, latitude, precipitation, temperature
  11. 11How does continentality link to precipitation?More coastal=more evaporation
  12. 12How does continentality link to temperature?Temperature hotter and more constant near coast
  13. 13How does precipitation link to temperature?hotter temperature=more evaporation
  14. 14How does precipitation link to latitude?Closer to equator=hotter=more evaporation
  15. 15How does precipitation link to geology?Less drainage=more evaporation
  16. 16How does temperature link to latitude?Closer to equator=hotter
  17. 17How does temperature link to relief?Higher temperatures in areas facing the sun
  18. 18How does temperature link to altitude?Higher up=colder
  19. 19How does altitude link to relief?Higher altitude=more raised/hilly relief
  20. 20How does altitude link to precipitation?Higher altitude=colder=less evaporation
  21. 21AltitudeHigher=colder, 100m=-1'C
  22. 22TemperatureRegulated by altitude, latitude and continentality
  23. 23PrecipitationHigh air pressure=less rainfall (water finds it harder to evaporate)
  24. 24ReliefSun facing slopes=hotter
  25. 25GeologyPermeable rocks=dry land, bad drainage=reduce growth
  26. 26LatitudeConcentrated sun on equator
  27. 27ContinentalityLand heats and cools quickly, water heats and cools slowly
  28. 288 goods of rainforest80% of all western foods, illegal drugs, saleable commodities (timber), 25% cancer fighting drugs, drugs for diabetics, contraceptive pill, Rosie Periwinkle (increases childhood leukaemia sufferers survival chance fro9m 10-90%), marmosets for drug testing (before humans)
  29. 298 services from rainforestIndigineous people live in rainforests (can teach us), treks and holidays, 50% world's biodiversity, endangered animals habitats (bonobos), unique biome, regulate hydrological cycle, soil nutrients, carbon store
  30. 30How does the biosphere regulate atmosphere?Plants absorb CO2 and produce O2
  31. 31How does the biosphere regulate atmosphere?Plants absorb CO2 and produce O2
  32. 32How does the biosphere regulate water cycle?Trees and other plants-interception=reduced flooding
  33. 33How does the biosphere regulate soil health?Dead leaves and plants=nutrients for soil, animals aerate soil
  34. 34What would happen to the soil without canopy?Soil would be washed away
  35. 35Amazon is like the...?Lungs of the earth
  36. 36Knock on effect of soil erosionAtmosphere not regulated=co2 rise=global warming=sea ice melting faster=more flooding
  37. 37Why does it matter that the rainforest is being destroyed? 4 reasonsLoss of habitat, knowledge, species (271 extinct in 500 years), rarity
  38. 38How much of the world's oxygen does the Amazon supply?20%
  39. 39What are the 5 main direct threats to the rainforest?Timber, agriculture, mining, the soya craze and population change
  40. 40Timbers effect on the rainforestU.K trying to restrict import rates...teak and mahogany still in high demand...deforestation affects rates of flooding, soil erosion and humus formation...loss of habitat
  41. 41Agricultures effect on the rainforestCrops need to be grown=deforestation...for food and income...destroys ecosystems and encourages wildfires
  42. 42Minings effect on the rainforestMining plants in Amazon...new roads...destroying rainforest...damage to surface...restoration normally unsuccessful
  43. 43The soya crazes effect on the rainforest2005=almost 50% forest clearings were for soya beans...2003 new governor rose Brazil's deforestation rates by 40%...food for cattle...more cows needed for meat rich diets
  44. 44Population changes effect on the rainforest72 - 200 million in 50 years...more housing and farming...20 million migrated to settlements near Amazon...more deforestation
  45. 45What is the main indirect threat to the environment?Climate change
  46. 46Climate changes effect on the rainforest2005 and 2010 2 major droughts...rainforest actually emitted CO2...could eventually end up speeding up global warming if happens more often
  47. 47Define conservationThe wise and sustainable use of natural resources-planned action or non-action to preserve or protect living and non-living resources
  48. 48Name a conservation company on a global scale, a national scale and a local scaleGlobal - RAMSAR (1971)
    National - National Parks
    Local - Costa Rica
  49. 49What is RAMSAR?It involves 163 countries and conserves the convention of Wetlands of International importance
  50. 50What are the aims of RAMSAR?To protect 196 million hectares of wetland habitat at over 2000 sites worldwide
  51. 51How is RAMSAR planning to meet its aims?Identifying important wetlands and managing them...making sure fishing and tourism are sustainable...co-operate with country shared wetlands...areas in UK protected by law-extra protection from damage and development
  52. 52Are there any issues with RAMSAR?No major issues but hard keeping track of everything to make sure there are no unsustainable activities happening
  53. 53Is RAMSAR successful?Yes because they have 163 countries on side and have used the law to enforce this
  54. 54What is a National Park?An area that has been agreed to be protected
  55. 55What are the two main aims of National Parks?-To conserve and promote opportunities for the understanding and enjoyment of National Parks
    -To create a balance between locals, visitors and conservation
  56. 56How are National Parks planning to meet these aims?Having planning authorities to protect the environment from the pressures of tourism such as camp sites, buildings and roads
  57. 57What are the 6 main issues with National Parks?Congestion (over 200 mill visitors a year) especially in summer...footpath erosion (survey in 1999 said repair cost=£5mill)...overcrowded...local shops accustomed to visitors and not locals...1/6 houses of holiday houses (empty in winter and lack of community)...employment is seasonal
  58. 58Are National Parks successful?Yes because trying to tackle all issues like improving drainage for paths, resting paths, zoning and having stricter planning permission for tourism related buildings
  59. 59What are most rainforests now?National Parks
  60. 60How does the local scheme in Costa Rica work?Turning forests into small tourist attractions (only small return), trying to farm sustainably (growing crops among trees for food and income), using fallen trees instead of cutting down (wood used for holiday lodges=money)
  61. 612 social outcomes of sustainable managementPeople become educated about dangers and improves local facilities benefitting whole community (health clinics, training)
  62. 622 economic outcomes of sustainable managementReducing poverty (income from eco-tourism)...provides jobs
  63. 632 environmental outcomes of sustainable managementCan protect natural environment from degradation (replanting)...50% of Kilum-Ijim forest was deforested 1958-1988, but the forest has grown by 8% since project
  64. 643 social problems with sustainable managementPopulation growing, pressure to deforest...urban areas and roads could enroach on the area...people have come to rely on help that could stop-arguments
  65. 652 economic problems with sustainable managementRelies on funding which could stop...prevents people making money from forest
  66. 662 environmental problems with sustainable managementClimate change could degrade forest itself...urban areas could enroach on forest
  67. 67What are all of these advantages and disadvantages of?The Kilum-Ijim forest in Cameroon, Africa
  68. 68What are the key concepts of the Kilum-Ijim project?Stop forest from being under pressure from farming and logging for timber and fuel/conservation
  69. 69What are the aims of the Kilum-Ijim project?Create a sustainable forest reserve in the area...save from human impacts
  70. 70What has the Kilum-Ijim project done? (4 things)Marked out reserve area making lists of resources...developed rules to conserve...set up a unit to manage and monitor the forest...educated communities about replanting, safe hunting and logging
  71. 71Define a goodProducts and items sourced from the biome for survival or commercial use
  72. 72Define a serviceMeasures the biome takes to serve the planet

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has flashcards on battle for the biosphere
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alexandraswebb
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geographybiosphereclimate
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  • Created by Anna Hollywood · Dec 1, 2015
  • Copied by alexandraswebb · Dec 1, 2015
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