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Description
Flashcards by Esther-M.B, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Esther-M.B
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is conformity? | A change in behavior due to other people's influence |
| What makes us conform? | The need to know what's right |
| What is private acceptance? | You believe you are wrong and that others are right, so you rely on them |
| What's public compliance? | Just going with it |
| What are 3 ways that we conform to informational social influence? | -When the situation is ambiguous - When the situation is a crisis -When we are faced with an expert |
| Why do we conform? | Because of Normative social influence |
| Why does NSI make us conform? | We want to be accepted. We don't want to stand out. We want to adhere to a group |
| What are 4 situations when conformity is most effective? | -When the gr. has >3 people -When the gr. is important to us -When the gr. is culturally motivated -When the gr. is unanimous |
| What is compliance? Give exemple I.D Consequence | -A request to change or maintain one's behavior -Rules that we must follow -Can lead to mindless conformity |
| What is Mindless conformity? | Obeying internalized social norms, no questions asked |
| What were Milgram's findings on conformity to authority? | -What happened in Germany can occur in the U.S -People are powerful social models |
| What is Anger? | Emotional response to perceiving our basic boundaries as violated |
| What is aggression? | A behavior aimed at threatning or hurting a person |
| What is Violence? | Anger+Aggression Stems from anger and makes one aim at inflicting harm |
| What are the two types of aggression? | Instrumental: no anger involved Hostile: involves anger |
| What does history tell us about aggression? | -Nazi created industrial H. killing machines -War = Instrumental form of aggression |
| How does Instrumental aggression differ from Relational? | -I: aims at reaching goal. no anger involved -R: Aims at harming someone by manipulating their relationships with others |
| What are two types pf relational aggression? | -Proactive: Means to reaching goals -Reactive: Retaliation to provovation |
| What is Hobbes perception on Aggression? | We are brutes who must be curbed by the law (State has that power) |
| What is Rousseaux's perception on Aggression? | -We are born good at heart, and made bad by the suppression of certain aspects of our existence -Support the needs of the people and violence will decrease |
| What is Freud's perception on Aggression? | Thanatos: we kill to preserve our own peace |
| What is Freud's Hydraulic theory? | [-Built up emotions cause pressure] -If it's not released, we may self destruct (ex: alcoholism) |
| What have animal studies concluded about aggression among humans? | - We can unlearn aggressive behavior -Aggressive behavior -If we can't find a scapegoat for our aggression, we turn on ourselves |
| What conclusions about aggression have been drawn thanks to various cultures? | -Humans don't initiate aggressive behavior: we respond to it -Different cultures=Different levels of aggression |
| What are situational causes for aggression? | -Increase in testosterone = increase in violent behavior -Alcohol decreases inhibition for certain behavior= Aggression increases -Pain and discomfort increase aggressive behavior |
| Situational Cause for Aggression: what is the furstration agression theory? | Having a goal that you can't meet increases frustration and therefore aggression |
| Situational Cause for Aggression: what is the link with aggressive objects? | Aggressive objects give rise to new possibilities of actions - that's the [aggressive stimulus hypothesis] |
| What does social influence teach us about aggression among kids? | -They adopt behavior they observe -They can be influenced by violence in the media -There is a correlation between violence among kids and the media (not a causation link) |
| What factor onfluenced the behavior of the subjects in the "Stanford Prison Experiment" | The legitimizing ideology: The elements that made it seem legit |
| How to reduce aggression? | -Avoid severe punishment -Take domestic violence seriously |
| How to reduce anger? | -Be aware of what the emotion says to you -Apologize -Set example for kids: don't be aggressive -Talk about what makes you angry -Build empathy |
| What is the difference between stereotype, prejudice and discrimination? | -stereotype: A thought r/a a particular group. neither GorB -prejudice: Negative feeling towards pple of a particular gr. -discrimination: negative tx of people because they belong to a gr. |
| What are the causes of prejudice (1) ? | -The way we think: Potentially inaccurate cognitive heuristic -Th way we feel: When emotionally engaged , we overlook rationality (Attitudes) -Our beliefs (Which only have truth value): |
| When does the way we think, in relation to prejudice, become problematic? | When the in-group-bias (treat those who belong to in-group,positively. Opposite for those who belong to out-group) brings us to discriminate |
| What are the causes of prejudice (2) ? | - Attributional biases: Explain out-group behavior in a way that perpetuates the stereotype -Realistic conflict theory: Lmtd resources lead to conflicts between groups -Normative rules: Modern conformity (ex: being politically correct) |
| How does the ultimate attributio error apply to prejudice? | -Associate dispositional attributions for out-group's negative behavior -Associate situational attributions for out-group's positive behavior |
| What are the three effects of prejudice? | -Self-fulfilling prophecy: Expect-Act-Obtain consistent response -Stereotype Threat: Feeling a stereotype like a spotlight -Self-Blame attributions of discrimination: even if we're being discriminated against |
| What are 4 ways to reduce stereotype? | -Revise stereotypical beliefs (Conversion model Stereo. is challenged) (Subtyping model 1 in between) -Get educated -Contact hypotheses: Force Interdependence -Cooperation: increase cooperation |
| What is the Collective They-Self | The theory whereby our being is not our own: We adhere to a shared set of public practices (We do like everyone else) |
| What dstinguishes Ontic from Ontological? | Ontic: (Description) Refers to the structure of an individual Ontological: (Interpretation based on experiment) Refers to the meaning of an individual |
| Wha it the relationship between ontic and ontological? | Ontic is the root of onological |
| What is Heidegger's being-in-the-world theory? | Our ways of being are shared with everyone else *though fixed socio-spacio-temporally* |
| What is the They-Self according to Heidegger? | A state in which you are bound to the mode of being of others *We do things because they are the common way of doing them* |
| What does Ponty identify as the Lived-Body? | The way an object comes alive in our perception |
| What is Ponty's Opinion on human behavior? | It can only be understood by analyzing the meaning and intentional structure of an action |
| What is the Lived-Body | Ask Zadrag |
| What is the bodily perceived lived world? | Some things, in our perception, become meaningful to us. They aren't just things anymore. They have a story |
| Define the bodily percieived lives social World of others? | Experimenting something and suddenly being aware of all the other people experiencing the same thing. *Understanding other people's body through one's own* |
| What advantage does the upright posture and the presence of arms give Men? | The sense that They are more powerful *On the contrary, Vertical posture indicates vulnerability* |
| What does the vertebral column represent in the Man's upright position? | -An architectural column. -What sets us appart from other primates |
| What does the skyscraper tell us about the times we live in? | -Babel tower is being reached : Danger awaits at the top - We all live in different worlds (Floors & Buildings) |
| What is spaciality? | The lived experience of space, Knowing each space opens up new/different possibilities *What can be/ is done in a given space by a given person* |
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