43037
Description
Flashcards by Verity Spinks, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Verity Spinks
about 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is Acute stress | When Something happens suddenly which requires a quick reaction. Short term stress, fight or flight |
| What does the Sympathetic Nervous system prepare for? | Fight or Flight |
| The Parasympathetic branch returns the body to what? | a state of relaxation |
| What does the release of Noradrenaline cause? | Increased Heart rate, Blood pressure and pupil Size. Metabolic changes: sends fat and glycogen to the bloodstream |
| What does Adrenaline do? | boosts the supply of oxygen to the brain and muscles. Supresses the non urgent bodily functions. |
| What does the SNS and SAM make? | Sympathomeduallary pathway |
| SAM is regulated by the adrenal medulla and does what? | releases adrenaline into the body! |
| What is a key part of the SNS? | Sympathetic Adrenal Meduallary System |
| What is the Pituitary Adrenal System (PAS) also known as? | Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis (HPA Axis) |
| What is chronic stress? | when there are Ongoing Chronic stressors. Long term |
| HPA axis controls what? | Cortisol levels |
| What causes the Corticotrophin Releasing Factor to be released? And what is it part of? | Paraventricular Nucleus (PVN) and Hypothalamus |
| What activates the Hypothalamus? | Chronic Stressors |
| When the CRF reaches the pituitary gland what is released? | (ACTH) Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone |
| The Adrenal Cortex is part of the adrenal gland so what does it release when the ACTH has arrived? | CORTISOL! |
| Some examples of positive and negative effects of cortisol | P: Lower pain sensitivity, quick bursts of energy. N: Higher blood pressure and lowered immune response |
| How long is it till the cortisol takes effect? | 20 minutes |
| What regulates the release of CRF and ACTH? | The receptors on the pituitary gland and Hypothalamus |
| What is the Immune System? | functions by defending the body against antigens |
| Name the steps of the immune system | 1.Barrier preventing antigens entering 2. Detecting and eliminating Antigens found (before reproduction) 3.Eliminating Antigens (once reproducing) |
| What is Under and Over Vigilance? | Under: when infections are dealt with properly in the body Over: Mistakes ordinary cells for virus cells and kills them, causing illness. |
| Name research to do with relationships and illness | Kiecolt (2005): wounds healed more slowly when married couples had conflict instead of support in a discussion. |
| Name research to do with Acute stress and illness | Marucha (1998): did punch biopsies a month and 3 days before an exam. 40% longer to hell 3 days before the exam |
| Evaluation points for Lazarus in Stress and Illness | Time consuming and expensive to do long periods of testing. Cannot tell if other factors beside stress affect the illness |
| What is a daily Hassle? | Minor day to day stressors that may frustrate or annoy a person |
| What do Uplifts do? | Compliments and praise are uplifts that minorly offset daily hassles |
| What is the difference between accumulation and Amplification effect? | Accumulation is where there are persistent and continuous daily hassles, Amplification is where is a combination between daily hassles and a major life event |
| Research to do with daily Hassles | Gervais: asked nurses to keep diaries for a month and record their daily Hassles. He found that the hassles added to job strain and decreased performance, but Uplifts did the opposite |
| Name a piece of research to do with emtional support and daily hassles | Flett: 320 students (half female half male) and were asked to rate how much support they would give to someone once they had been read the scenario. Comparatively those with major life events got more support and there for would feel less stressed than those with only daily hassles |
| Name one evaluative point about daily hassles | Retrospective Recall: had the daily hassle for a long time and people forget over time and forget events occured because of the hassles. |
| What is a life change? | major changes in an aspect of a person's life |
| who created the SRRS? | Holmes and Rahe |
| What was marriage in the SRRS? | 50 life change units (the base line) |
| Who did Rahe test the SRRS on? and How many were there? | US Navy men and 2700 |
| What did Michael and Ben-Zur do to research the SRRS? | They studied 130 men and worm (half widowed and half seperated couples) and looks at levels of life satisfaction. Widowed: Happier before partners death not after Seperated: happier because they are dating a new partner. |
| Name two other issue with life changes | Validity: Health can effect their retrospective recall. Individual Differences: Can compare and instant death of spouse to a death caused by long term illness |
| 3 C's in Hardy personality? | Control, Commitment, Challenges |
| Friedman and Rosenman suggested what 3 things about Type A personality? | Impatience Competitiveness Hostility |
| 3 characteristics of Type B personality | Relaxed, Patient and Easy going |
| What did Ragland and Brand Research? | Personality types in Illness, and they found that there wasn't a link between Type A personality and morality like Friedmand and Rosen suggested |
| Research supporting and against personality and stress? | S:lifton looked at the 3C's of hardiness in Universities. Found that students that scored higher on the 3C's were morely to complete their degree. A:Hardiness could be just Negativity Affectivity, Waston and Clark found that Hardiness and low NA correlate reasonably well. |
| What is thought to cause Workplace Stress? | High workload, Low job control |
| What did Control have to do with Workplace stress? | Marmot found that those with control over their work had higher grade as well as low cardiovascular problems |
| who looked at Workload factors? What did they find? | Johansson (1978) found that when sawing in a company, it was repetitive which required constant attention as well as having the pressure of the company on top of them. Urine samples showed that he had high levels of stress induced adrenaline. |
| What are the 3 steps in Stress Inoculation Therapy (by Michenbaum) | Conceptualisation: Identifying the source of the stress. Skill Acquisition: being teach and practicing methods of relaxation and positive thinking Application: Putting those taught skills in a real life situation |
| what is CBT? | Cognitive: challenging negative thoughts Behaviour: rewarding desirable behaviour. |
| Good points about SIT? | -Challenges stressors than dealing with them -More effective then systematic Desensitization. |
| what are the 3 stages of Hardiness Training? | Focusing: recognising signs of stress. Reliving stress encounters: Coping strategies Self Improvement: Control the situation then giving into the stress. |
| One point supporting Hardiness Training? | Provides clients with the ability to cope with future situations where the stress may occur |
| What is a neuron? | Send messages round the body |
| What if the role of BZ's? | To slow down the central nervous system |
| how does BZ's Work? | Locking onto the receptors on the outside, increasing the flow of chloride ions. |
| Bz's enhance natural actions of GABA how? | it binds to special sites on the GABA and allows more Chloride ion to flow into the neuron. |
| Good and bad points for BZ's? | G: They are effective. Kahn followed 250 patients and found BZ's were significantly superior to a placebo |
| What do Beta-Blockers do? | Reduce the activity of the Adrenaline and Noradrenaline |
| What does BB's do to the patient? | Puts less pressure on the patient and makes them feel calmer and less anxious |
| One bad point about BB's? | Have side affects. Has been found to be linked to diabetes |
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