Flashcards
Medical Ethics
Cards in this deck (18)
- 1Ethics are moral principles that govern a person's behaviour or the conducting of an activitySanctity of life means that life is sacred/special - a gift from god
- 2Value of life means how much is life worth - should life be saved?Quality of life means how comfortable you are / free from pain
- 3Sanctity of life affects the decisions of things like: death penalty; people choosing to commit suicide; abortion; sacrificing yourself for your religion; soldiers in battle; terminal illness; self defence"So God created man in his own image. Male & female he created them (Genesis 1:27)"
THIS MEANS: Life is God-given - 4"You shall not murder" THIS MEANS: Life should not be destroyed"Are not 5 sparrows sold for 2 pennies? Yet not one of them is forgotten by God. The very hairs of your head are numbered - you are worth more than many sparrows (Luke 12 6-7)"
THIS MEANS: Human life is precious - 5"Don't you know that you yourselves are God's temple and that God's spirit lives in you? If anyone destroys God's temple, God will destroy him; for God's temple is sacred, and you are that temple" THIS MEANS: All life deserves respect"You created my inmost being; You knit me together in my mother's womb ... Your eyes saw my unformed body. All the days planned for me were written in your book before one of them came to me"
THIS MEANS: God has a plan for every human life - 6Christians believe that God created everything and humans were created in God's own image; this makes life holy or sacred (relating to sanctity of life)Christians regard life as a gift from God which they are loaned but do not own; this means that they cannot dispose of life as they wish
- 7To emphasise God's special relationship with people, God became human in the person of Jesus.Christians believe that because Jesus accepted his suffering and never tried to escape from it, we shouldn't either
- 8IVF means In vitro fertilisationScientific facts about IVF:
-infertility is the inability to get pregnant (conceive)
- 1 in 7 couples in the UK has trouble conceiving
- IVF is successful in only 22% of cases (chances increase with 2 or more cycles)
- IVF involves i) removing some of the woman's egg cells, ii) fertilising them with sperm to create embryos in a laboratory and iii) implanting the embryos in the woman to carry - 9Legal facts about IVF: - Clinics must decide if couples will be suitable parents before providing treatment - Choosing the sex of the baby using IVF is currently illegal - Since 2005, eggs and sperm cannot be donated anonymously - If one partner removes their consent to use their eggs/sperm, the embryos must be destroyedPolitical facts about IVF:
- From April 2005, the UK government advised that all eligible couples should receive one cycle of treatment on the NHS
- Waiting times for treatment very across the UK
- In England and Wales, the suggested age limit for women receiving IVF is 40 years old - 10Economic facts about IVF: - In 2005, the cost of one cycle of IVF was £2771 - Drugs to support the treatment cost an extra £1000 - In 2005, only 25% of IVF treatment was funded by the NHSSocial facts about IVF:
- Some pro-life supporters disagree with destroying embryos that are not used in treatment
- Some religious leaders believe we shouldn't interfere with natural reproduction
- Many women are waiting until they are older to have children, when their fertility is lower, and it is more difficult to conceive.
- "Designer babies" is a term used by the media; it describes an embryo chosen for specific characteristics - this is currently illegal. - 11AIH = artificial insemination by husband The husband's sperm is taken and injected into the wife's ovum.AID = artificial insemination with donor
A sperm is taken from a donor sperm bank when the husband cannot produce sperm - 12IVF = in vitro fertilisation (in glass) An egg is fertilised in a test tube and the embryos are implanted in the mother's womb (no more than three). By law any extra embryos can be used for scientific experiments for up to 14 days and must then be destroyed.Egg donation:
A woman gives an egg to be fertilised and implanted for a woman who cannot produce eggs of her own - 13Embryo donation: This involves the implantation of a fertilised ovum from both a donor egg and donor spermSurrogacy:
The conceiving and bearing of a child for another person - 14Infertility: The inability of a person, animal or plant to reproduce by natural meansDifferent views on artificial insemination:
- can be seen as adultery
- it's selective breeding
- donor might not want to be revealed
- some people disagree with "designer babies" as God chooses our characteristics, not us
- not fair on the child (confusing, upsetting)
- the donor is a stranger
- allows gay people to have children together
- allows single women to be mothers on their own - 15Should parents be able to control the genetic make up of their child? No, because the making of a child gives no opportunity for choice of sex/characteristics. Also, the child is their own person and it should not be allowed to choose who they are for them.Are embryos human beings?
- Christians believe that life begins in the womb
- Muslims believe that life begins in the womb after 120 days - 16Muslim views on genetic engineering: Muslims believe that saving a human life is important and so, if genetic engineering does so, they would accept it.Islam believe that an unborn child does not receive a soul until they are 120 days old. They believe that embryos can be exterminated or misused before they are 120 days old. Allah taught Islam that they development of genetic and embryo technology is an extension of embryos not having souls until they are 120 days old.
- 17Christians believe that genetic engineering devalues life. This is because they believe on the ideas of sanctity of life and that it is against the teachings of God for scientists to take on the role of the creator of the living embryos.Christians believe that genetic engineering is extremely wrong as life begins at the point of conception, as that's when the soul enters the embryo. Other parts of the Christian religion believe that genetic engineering is acceptable however, for example, Roman Catholics would feel extremely strong about not genetically engineering. They believe that it is against the sanctity of life to dispose of living embryos.
- 18Muslims believe that specific parts of the human body can be used for medical research; genetic engineering is not prohibited in Islam. Muslims believe that there is not issue with destroying embryos as long as it it before the 120 days. They believe that this helps with judgement day and whether they'll end up in heaven or hell.JUDGEMENT DAY:
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- GCSE Religious Studies Flashcards on Medical Ethics, created by emilyhwilliams08 on 19/01/2016.
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