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Description
Flashcards by Sarah Baldwin, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Sarah Baldwin
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Psychology | The scientific study of behavior and mental (cognitive) processes of humans and animals |
| Wilhelm Wundt | used method of introspection, known as the father of modern psychology and proved that psychology could be a science; structuralist |
| Structuralism | psychology centered on the analysis of the structure or content of conscious mental states by introspective methods |
| Introspection | observation or examination of one's own mental and emotional state |
| William James | wrote the Principles of Psychology, also known for the James-Lange Theory of Emotion; a functionalist |
| Functionalism | emphasizes the adaptiveness of mental and behavioral processes |
| Psychoanalysis | a method of studying the mind and treating mental/emotional disorders based on investigating the role of the unconscious mind |
| Gestalt Psychology | based on the study of a subject's response to integrated wholes rather than separate experiences |
| Phrenology | a psychological theory based on the belief that certain mental problems and character traits are indicated by the skull |
| Behaviorism | the theory that human or animal psychology can be accurately studied only by examination of behavioral events |
| John B. Watson | the father of behaviorism, also did the Little Albert experiment; focused on behavior instead of mentality |
| "Little Albert" | John Watson's experiment; an eleven month old boy was taught to fear a white rat when it was accompanied by a loud sound |
| Ivan Pavlov | "Pavlov's dog" experiment where a dog was taught to salivate at the sound of a bell in anticipation of food when it was not present; behaviorist |
| B. F. Skinner | theory of operant conditioning, which uses reinforcers/consequences to change behavior; behaviorist |
| Humanistic Psychology | the belief that humans have free will and can change their fates; think that psychology should focus on how and why humans experience things |
| Abraham Maslow | created Maslow's Hierarchy of needs; the father of humanistic psychology |
| Carl B. Rogers | created the unconditional positive regard theory; believed that humans are driven towards self-actualization; focused on the human as a person rather than an object |
| Nature vs. Nurture | Nature: because of their genes and their ancestors, a person is a certain way. Nurture: because of their experiences and their past, a person is a certain way. |
| Basic Research vs. Applied Research | Basic Research: conducted with the intent of simply increasing the knowledge base, not to fix a problem. Applied Research: conducted to solve problems, find cures, help people, etc. |
| Clinical Psychology | to assess, diagnose, and treat/prevent mental disorders |
| Psychiatrist | similar to a psychologist but different in the fact that a psychiatrist can prescribe medication for a mental illness and has a medical degree |
| Industrial and Organizational Psychology (I/O Psychology) | studies the relationships between someone and their job/work and attempts to improve job satisfaction and increase productivity |
| Human Factors Psychologist | studies how the human mind and body interacts with its tools and environment; seeks to create ways that humans can interact with the modern world that are more psychologically and ergonomically friendly |
| Physiological | scientific study of the body and its systems |
| Cognitive | study of mental processes and the mind of humans and/or animals |
| Dualism | the theory that the human mind and body are two separate entities that come together to make a person |
| Biopsychology | how the brain interprets physical movement/things |
| Evolutionary Psychology | the belief that natural selection and our ancestors directly cause problems, such as fears, in our lives |
| Sociocultural Psychology | based on the belief that society and culture shape cognition |
| Trephination | a surgical procedure where a piece of the skull is removed and a hole is left in the skull |
| "tabula Rasa" | the idea that your mind is a "blank slate" and that your experiences shape you in your life |
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