440045
Description
Flashcards by andreaarose, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by andreaarose
about 12 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Compensation compared with recovery | Most changes after brain damage are due to compensation not recovery of missing brain areas - 3 legged cat. |
| Ischemia | Loss of blood supply, changes in pH and cell membrane. Release of glutamate and open Ca+ channels, mRNA stimulated - inflamed tissue. |
| Diaschisis | Sudden loss of function in a portion of the brain connected to a distant, but damaged, brain area |
| Recovery from hemiplegia | Motor cortex damage - return of reflexes, rigidity. Development of voluntary grasping - takes 23-40 days. Occurs in 30%. |
| Recovery from aphasia | Head injuries show most rapid and complete recovery. Least severe with anomic patients, most with global aphasics - 3 months. Language in RH most resistant to damage. |
| Recovery from traumatic lesion | 4% recover from motor defects, 36% recover from somatosensory defects, 43% recover from visual defects, 24% recover from dysphasia, 50% none |
| Dorsolateral frontal lesions | No recovery in card sorting |
| Right temporal lesions | No recovery on the Rey figure |
| Bilateral temporal lobe removal | No recovery |
| Left temporal lesions | Significant improvement after 5-20 years. |
| Employment and recovery | Employment = measure of recovery, 80% recovery. |
| Return to daily life | Social relationships and leisure suffers. Often ignores coping mechanisms being used. |
| Post stroke changes | Improvement in sensorimotor cortex, larger regions of activation in the parietal and premotor areas during language and motor functions, reorganization takes place bilaterally and declines with age and stroke size. |
| Age | Younger patients = more recovery. |
| Sex and handedness | Produces differences in cerebral organization |
| Intelligence | Higher intelligence = more recovery. |
| Personality | Optimism, extroversion and easygoing = more recovery. |
| Rehabilitation | Social interaction and environmental stimulation are important. |
| Movement therapy | Motor training stimulates plastic changes in the brain. |
| Cognitive rehabilitation | Hard to develop real world tasks that will benefit patient outside of system. |
| Pharmacological therapies | Compounds can facilitate plastic changes in the brain, work by reducing inflammatio |
| Brain stimulation | – TMS – Promising without complications |
| Brain-Tissue Transplants and Stem-Cell Induction | Fetal stem-cell transplants for Parkinson’s patients, could cultivate stem cells from the individual’s body |
| First tests of neuropsychological assessment | Goal was to establish a cutoff between brain damaged and non-brain damaged |
| Functional imaging | Identify changes in cerebral processing via images, patients referred for general cognitive functioning, does not predict the extent of behavioral disturbances |
| Cognitive neuroscience in the 1950-1980's | Development of test batteries - still used cut off scores. |
| Cognitive neuroscience in the 1990's | Cognitive theory and structural and functional imaging used to understand the brain. |
| Managed care | Produces pressure to reduce time and money |
| Clinical assessment | Focus on treatment reduce costs, efficient, monitor progress evaluation |
| Standardized tests | Easy to administer, need to understand the brain to interpret |
| Luria's neurological approach | Strategy for examining the brain, tailored to each person |
| Factors affecting test choice | What area of the brain is damaged, how sensitive is the test, what are the individual characteristics? |
| Goals of neurological assessment | Diagnose the presence of cortical damage, facilitate patient care, identify unusual brain organization, cause of disorders, rehabilitation |
| WAIS | Subscales for verbal ability and performance, rough measure of RH LH functioning. Pre injury intelligence unknown. |
| Waber and colleages | Data on children age 6-18 on a wide range of measures, linked to an MRI developmental database |
| Sports medicine assessment | Automated batteries for tracking concussion. |
| Neuropsychological tests and brain activity | Neuropsychological tests produce localized and distributed activation, also influenced by individual differences. |
| Malingering | Exaggerating cognitive deficits. |
| Green and colleagues | Effort influences performance more than brain damage |
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