Flashcards
Health and Globalisation
Cards in this deck (20)
- 1What is a TNC?Transnational Corporation. They operate in more than one country, some very large with huge budgets and political influence.
- 2How do they affect global health (TNCs)?. how they treat their employees
. how they market their products
. how they sell products and how much they charge
. which products they choose to research and develop - 3How does how they treat their employees affect global health?wages, safety standards and provided health care. Example Namdeb diamond corporation runs HIV/AIDS awareness programme in Namibia.
- 4How does how they market their products affect global health?such as tobacco, fatty foods and great milk substitutes. Example concerns that aiming fast-food advertising at children may contribute to longterm unhealthy eating and obesity.
- 5How does how they sell products and how much they sell them for affect global health?such as tobacco, medical drugs/ supplies. Example many African country rely on generosity if overseas government and pharmaceutical companies to subsidise drugs as they can’t afford.
- 6How does which products they choose to research and develop affect global health?healthy foods and medicines. Example Krafts Foods developing new food kills intestinal worms. Aimed in LEDCs where they are big problem.
- 7How do pharmaceutical companies affect global health?. research and production
. distribution and sales - 8Pharmaceutical- research and production affecting global healthmore money in wealthier countries so pharmaceutical companies research and produce drugs that effect them. Improved health in MEDCs. Some companies use profits they make in MEDCs to subsidise into diseases in LEDCs e.g. malaria vaccines. Improved health LEDCs.
- 9Pharmaceutical- distribution and sales affecting global healthGet back expenses of drugs on sales of drugs. Pharmaceutical companies exclusive rights 20 years to produce new drug they developed, they can set any price they want as it can only be obtained through them. Affects global health as LEDCs won’t be able to afford these drugs. Some companies, often through deals with MEDCs, provide free or cheaper drugs for LEDCs e.g. anti-HIV drugs.
- 10Case study on a pharmaceutical companyGlaxoSmithKline- GSK
One of world's largest pharmaceutical companies, producing different drugs and health products. - 11How does the research and development that GSK do affect global health?GSK produces 4 billion packs of medicines annually, one-quarter of world’s vaccines. Produces products for wealthier countries e.g. drug for CHD, and for poorer countries e.g. polio vaccines.
- 12How does the distribution and sales that GSK do affect global health?GSK makes large profit from sales but donates drugs to LEDCs for free. 750 million albendazole tablets to treat 130 million with elephantiasis. GSK also invests large amounts of profits in community programmes to help people in need- 3.8% of pre-tax profits.
- 13What is a main substance affecting global health?tobacco
- 14How does tobacco affect global health?. 1/3 world's pop above 15 smoke. Wealthier countries less, some LEDCs 80%
. 4 mil die annually from TRI e.g. lung cancer, heart disease. Death rates rising TRI take years to develop
. long to develop, related to MEDCs (live longer for disease to develop) - 15What happened in 2003?WHO (World Health Organisation) developed treaty called 'Framework Convention on Tobacco Control' protect public health by restricting advertising, regulating contents of products, labelling correctly, regulating who sold to
- 16What does the treaty aim to do?Treaty hoped reduce numbers of global smokers, reducing tobacco-related illnesses globally.
- 17How are companies finding way round treaty?Concerns some tobacco companies targeting countries that haven’t signed WHO’s treaty, fewer restrictions. Accused of aggressive marketing to target vulnerable populations, exploiting lack of knowledge about health effects.
Results in increased tobacco-related illnesses. - 18Case study of tobacco companyPhilip Morris International- PMI
World's largest tobacco company and owns top selling brand - 19How does PMI's research and production affect global health?2005 sold 805 billion cigarettes globally. PMI does research and develop less harmful tobacco products, e.g. cigarettes that reduce exposure of smoker to toxic chemical compounds. Could help to reduce tobacco-related illnesses.
- 20How does PMI's distribution and sales affect global health?sticks to WHO’s ‘Framework Convention on Tobacco control’ in countries that have signed. Uses different advertising and marketing in countries that haven't signed e.g. offers adult free smokers free testers. PMI has ‘responsible marketing policy’. Agreed not to market products to children and put health warnings on all marketed material and packaging.
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- Includes: TNCs, pharmaceutical companies, GSK, tobacco, PMI
- Created by
- Alice Kimpton
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