GoConqr has a new look! Let us know what you think.

Sign up free

Flashcards

Psychology Chapter 10

egarson English 43 cards

Cards in this deck (43)

  1. 1Intelligence- Ability to acquire, to think and reason effectively, and deal with the environment
    - What constitutes intelligence may be culture-specific
  2. 2SIR FRANCIS GALTON- Mental ability is INHERITED
  3. 3AFRED BINET- Development of INTELLIGENCE TESTS
  4. 4BINET'S ASSUMPTIONS- Mental age develops with age
    - Rate at which people gain mental competence is characteristic of the person and is constant over time
    - "CONCEPT OF MENTAL AGE"
  5. 5MENTAL AGE- Stern's Intelligence Quotient
    - Relative Score
    - Could be applied to people of different chronological ages
    - Ratio of mental age to chronological age
    IQ = MA/CA x 100
  6. 6Terman Revised Binet's Tests- Stanford-Binet Test
    WWI used: Army Alpha (verbal) and Army Beta (non verbal)
  7. 7David Wechsler- Intelligence is a set of verbal and non verbal skills- Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale- WAIS
    - Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children- WISC
    - Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence- WPPSI
  8. 8INTELLIGENCE TESTSStanford-Binet: Mostly verbal items, single IQ score
    Wechsler: Series of subtests, verbal tests, performance tests
  9. 9How is intelligence measured? PSYCHOMETRIC APPROACH- Map structure of intelligence
    - Discover competencies that underlie performance
  10. 10COGNITIVE PROCESS APPROACH- Determined throughout processes that underlie competencies
  11. 11FACTOR ANALYSIS- Reduces large amount of data to a smaller number of clusters and factors
    - Identifies clusters and factors
    - Researchers determine meaning of factors
  12. 12The G FACTOR (Spearman, 1923)- Intelligence performance governed by:
    - General Intelligence (g)
    - Specific Abilities
  13. 13THURSTONE'S PRIMARY ABILITIES- Intelligence performance governed by SPECIFIC ABILITIES
    - Seven "PRIMARY MENTAL ABILITIES"
  14. 14CRYSTALLIZED INTELLIGENCE- Apply previous learned knowledge to current problems
  15. 15FLUID INTELLIGENCE- Deal with novel situations without any previous knowledge
  16. 16THREE STRATUM MODEL3 levels of mental skills:
    1. General
    2. Broad
    3. Narrow
  17. 17COGNITIVE PROCESS APPROACHES- Explore information processing and cognitive processes involved in intelligence
    - Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
    - 3 specific components:
    1. METACOMPONENTS
    2. PERFORMANCE COMPONENTS
    3. KNOWLEDGE-ACQUISITION COMPONENTS
  18. 18TRIARCHIC THEORY Meta-components- Plan, regulate talk performance
    - Problem-solving skills
  19. 19KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION COMPONENTS- Learn, store, information and insights
  20. 20PERFORMANCE COMPONENTS- Mental processes used to perform task
    - Processing, recall, motor behaviors
  21. 21ADAPTIVE PROBLEM SOLVING is accomplished through:- ANALYTICAL INTELLIGENCE
    - PRACTICAL INTELLIGENCE
    - CREATIVE INTELLIGENCE
  22. 22MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES (Gardner)8 RELATIVELY INDEPENDENT INTELLIGENCES:
    POSSIBLE 9th: Existential Intelligence
    - Lingustic, Mathematic, Visuo-spatial: tested by current intelligence test
    - Musical, Body-kinesthetic, Interpersonal, Interpersonal, Naturalistic:
    Not tested by current intellegence tests
  23. 23EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCEAbility to:
    MAYER-SALOVEY-CARUSO Emotional Intelligence Test
    - Read others emotions accurately
    - Respond to others appropriately
    - Motivate oneself
    - Regulate and control ones own emotional response, Be aware of ones own emotions
  24. 24STRUCTURE OF EIFour Branches:
    Branch 1: Perceiving Emotions
    Branch 2: Using Emotions to Facilitate Thought
    Branch 3: Understanding Emotions
    Branch 4: Managing Emotions
  25. 25EI: ADAPTIVE ADVANTAGE IN MANAGING EMOTIONS- Stronger emotional bonds
    - Greater success
    - Less depression
    (Emotional Intelligence)
  26. 26GROUP TESTSAdministered to Groups:
    Do not produce individual IQ measures
    Achievement Tests:
    Designed to discover how much someone knows
    Aptitude Tests:
    Measure potential for future learning and performance
  27. 27MEASURING INTELLIGENCEWECHSLER (WAIS): 3 SUMMARY SCORES:
    - Verbal, Performance, Full Scale
    Profile determines pattern of intellectual strengths and weaknesses
  28. 28THEORY BASED TESTS- Test for abilities dictated by theories
    - FLUID AND CRYSTALLIZED ABILITIES:
    - Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test
    - Woodstock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery
    TRIARCHIC MODE:
    - Sternberg Trarchic Ability Test
  29. 29APTITUDE VS ACHIEVEMENTACHIEVEMENT: Tests for LEARNED KNOWLEDGE
    APTITUDE: Measure POTENTIAL for performance
  30. 30ACHIEVEMENT OR APTITUDEACHIEVEMENT- Pro: Metric of future performance
    - Con: Assumes same opportunities for learning
    APTITUDE- Pro: Depends less on prior knowledge
    Con: Difficult to construct tests independent of prior knowledge
  31. 31PSYCOMETRIC STANDARDSPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS: Method for measuring individual differences related to a psychological concept or construct
    KEYS FOR GOOD TESTS: Reliability, Validity, Standardization
  32. 32RELIABILITY = CONSISTENCYTest-Retest Reliability: Administer measure to same participants twice and correlate scores
    Internal Consistancy: All of the items on the test should measure the same thing
    Interjusge Reliability: Consistency of measurement when different people score the same test
  33. 33VALIDITY= ACCURACYConstruct: Does a test measure what it is supposed to measure?
    Content: Do items measure knowledge or skills that comprise the construct?
    Criterion-related: How well does test score predict criterion measures?
  34. 34STANDARDIZATIONTWO MEANINGS:
    Development of Norms: Provide basis for interpreting individual scores- give it meaning
    Controlled Procedures: Control for extraneous factors
    - Explicit instructions and procedures
  35. 35FLYNN EFFECT- General IQ scores of population change over time
    - Increase in IQ scores
    - 28 points in US since 1910
    REASONS UNCLEAR
  36. 36INTELLIGENCE IN NON WESTERN CULTURES2 main approaches:
    Use problems not tied to knowledge base of culture
    - Reflect ability to analyze stimulus patterns
    - Raven progressive matrices
    Create measures tailored to kinds of knowledge valued in particular culture
  37. 37NEUROSCIENCE OF BRAIN SIZEBrain is locus of internal activities:
    - Evolution has resulted in increase in brain size. Particularly in cerebral cortex + frontal lobes
    But among humans: Brain size unrelated to intelligence; efficiency may be key.
    Gender: Male greater processing
    Female: productvity
  38. 38INTELLIGENCE AND NEURAL EFFICIENCYElectro-physiological Studies: Modest relation between IQ score and speed of processing
    PET Scans: Lower levels of glucose in people of high intelligence
    Neural Plasticity: Forming new connections may underlie difference in intelligence
  39. 39HEREDITY AND ENVIRONMENT- Strong genetic component- no intelligence gene
    - Quarter to a third of variability attributed to shared environmental factors
    - Children removed from deprived environment show increase in IQ of 10-12 points
  40. 40GROUP DIFFERENCES- Great overlap among IQ distributions
    - Are average group differences n
    - Important to separate science from myth
    - OUTCOME BIAS- underestimates true intellectual ability
    PREDICTIVE BIAS- predicts outcome measures for some groups not others
    - Tests do appear to have predictive bias
  41. 41SEX DIFFERENCESFemales better on tests of: PERCEPTUAL SPEED, VERBAL FLUENCY, MATHEMATICAL CALCULATION, FINE MOTOR COORDINATION
    Males better on tests of: SPATIAL TASKS, THROWING/CATCHING OBJECTS, MATHEMATICAL REASONING
  42. 42EXTREMES OF INTELLIGENCEINTELLECTUALLY GIFTED: Typically speak and read easily, often stereotyped
    3 Interacting Factors:
    - Highly developed mental abilities
    - Creative problem solving
    - Motivation and dedication
  43. 43COGNITIVELY DISABLED- 3-5% of the population
    - Mildly disabled can attend school
    - Problems with reading, writing, memory, mathematical computation
    - Often stereotyped

Information

Description
Flashcards on Psychology Chapter 10 , created by egarson on 07/02/2016.
Created by
egarson · Feb 2016
Updated
Feb 19, 2016
Views
0
Rating

Feedback

What is it about?

What do you think of the new look?

How do you like it?