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| Question | Answer |
| Ethical principles for animal research | 1) research must have a clear scientific purpose 2) provide humane living conditions for animals 3) legally obtained animals 4) least amount of suffering |
| standard deviation | shows how far scares vary from the mean score |
| 68-95-99.7 rule | means 68% of all scores fall within one standard deviation of the mean. (5% of all scores fall within two standard deviations of the mean. 99.7% of all scores fall within three standard deviations of the mean |
| normal distribution | forms a bell shaped or symmetrical curve |
| mode | most frequently occuring score |
| median | the middle score |
| mean | the average, sum of a set of scores |
| operational definitions | statement of your procedures |
| dependent variable | what is being measured in an experiment |
| random assignment | assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance |
| cross sectional study | compares individuals at various ages at one point in time |
| longitudinal study | studies a single individual or a group over an extended period of time |
| negative correlation | -1.00 (closest to it), means 2 variables move in opposite directions |
| zero correlation | indicates there is no relationship between two variables |
| positive correlation | +1.00 (closest to it) |
| correlation coefficient. | number value that indicates the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables |
| correlation studies | researchers observe or measure a relationship between variables |
| participant bias | tendency for research participants to respond in a certain way because they know they are being observed |
| researcher bias | tendency for researchers to look for evidence that supports their hypothesis and ignore contradictory evidence |
| surveys | descriptive method |
| skewed distribution | most scores squeezed to one end, few scores stretch out like tail. |
| reliability | consistency or repeatability of results |
| random selection | choosing of members of a population so that every individual has an equal chance of being chosen for a sample |
| random assignment | division of the sample in an experiment into groups so that every individual has an equal chance of being put in any group or condition |
| quasi-experiment | measurement of DV when random assignment to groups of a randomly slected sample is not possible |
| quantitative data | information can be reported as numbers for ease of handling |
| population | all of the individuals in the group to which the study applies |
| placebo | physical or psychological treatment given to the control group that resembles the treatment given to the experimental group |
| normal distribution | represented by a normal curve- symmetric with mean, mode, and median the same score |
| naturalistic observations | observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations w/o trying to manipulate and control the situation |
| inferential statistics | statistics used to interpret data and draw conclusions |
| hypothesis | prediction of how two or more factors are likely to be related |
| experimental group | group that you experiment on |
| experiment | research method that involves manipulation of an independent variable under controlled conditions |
| ethical guidelines for human research | 1) informed consent 2) voluntary participation 3) debriefing 4) confidentiality |
| descriptive statistics | numbers that summarize a set or research date from a sample |
| confounding variables | factors that cause differences between the experimental group and the control group other than the independent variable. |
| central tendency | describes average of a distribution |
| case studies | research technique in which one person is studied in depth in hope of revealing universal principles |
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