451572
Description
Flashcards by emma_moran, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by emma_moran
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Are lipids polar? | No they are non-polar |
| Are lipids soluble in water? | No they are insoluble |
| Are lipids soluble in non-polar solvents? | Yes |
| Are lipids polymers? | No |
| Structure of a triglyceride molecule | Glycerol forms the backbone and 3 fatty acid side chains are attached to the glycerol backbone |
| What reaction occurs in the formation of triglycerides? | Dehydration synthesis (condensation reaction) |
| Which enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of triglycerides? | Lipase |
| The possible products formed in the digestion of a triglyceride | Glycerol, Diglyceride, Monoglyceride and Fatty acids |
| What are the features of a saturated fatty acid? | Saturated with single C-C bonds. Solid at room temperature (closely packed) |
| What are the features of unsaturated fatty acids? | Unsaturated with numbers of C=C bonds. Liquid at room temperature (loosely packed) |
| What are the two isomers that unsaturated fatty acids exist as ? | cis- and trans- isomers |
| What is the difference between cis- and trans- isomers? | Cis- isomers: bend at the double bond and are naturally occurring Trans- isomers: straight at the double bond and are normally manmade |
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Image:
cis (image/jpg)
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This is a cis- fatty acid |
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Image:
trans2 (image/jpg)
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Trans- fatty acid |
| What are fatty acids called when not part of a triglyceride? | Free fatty acids |
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Image:
omega3 (image/png)
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Omega 3 fatty acid |
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Image:
omega6 (image/jpg)
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Omega 6 fatty acid |
| Steroids are lipids. What is the building block for other steroids? |
Image:
LANOSTER.GIF (image/GIF)
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| How is lanosterol formed? | The cyclization of squalene |
| Name some common steroids | Cholesterol, oestrogen, progesterone, testosterone corticosteroids (produced in the adrenal cortex) |
| The structure of phospholipids | The phosphate head (polar, hydrophilic, soluble in water), Fatty acid tails (non-soluble in water, non-polar and hydrophobic), glycerol backbone |
| Glycolipids | Lipid attached to an oligosaccharide |
| Lipoproteins | Soluble complexes that transport lipids and are usually synthesised in the liver |
| Structure of lipoproteins | Spherical particles with central hydrophobic core: triglycerides, esterified cholesterol, small amounts of other lipids and fat soluble vitamins. External hydrophilic layer: phospholipids, cholesterol, apoproteins (stabilise the structure and regulate enzymatic activity at the lipoprotein) |
| Functions of white adipose tissue | Cushions internal organs, acts as a shock absorber, gives insulation, protects internal organs from temperature swings |
| Effects of having excess adipose tissue | Atheroma, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, exerts undue pressure on organs, sequestration (accumulation) of lipophillic substances |
| What is myelin? | It is an insulating material, made from phospholipids, surrounds nerve cells |
| What cells produce myelin peripherally (nerves outside the brain and spinal cord)? | Schwann cells |
| What cells produce myelin centrally (nerves in the brain and spinal chord)? | Oligodendrocytes |
| Which vitamins are fat soluble? | ADEK |
| What is the function of apoproteins? | They provide structural stability and regulate enzyme activity in lipoproteins |
| What effect does myelin have on nerve cells? | Increases the speed at which nerve impulses are transmitted along the nerve |
| How can lipids prevent moisture loss? | They prevent the evaporation of water |
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Image:
oligo (image/jpg)
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Oligodendrocyte |
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Image:
schwann (image/jpg)
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Schwann cell |
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