Flashcards
Soc 488 exam 1
Cards in this deck (37)
- 1enlightenment1700's
-emphasis on value of science
-emphasis on individualism
-democratic reform
-belief in social progress
-rejects traditional authority- authority not divinely ordained - 2counter enlightenment-Reaction to enlightenment
-belief in the sciences
-institutions basic element not individuals
-individuals are for institutional needs
-social stability,order and traditions
-committed to hierarchy - 3positivismbelief in science and math
rejects mysticism and theism - 45 elements of modernity1. Technology and science
emphasis on progress, tech solves problems; emphasis on rational thought and reason
2. Social functions separate from home and family
3. Abstraction
forces of modern life are removed from local communities to corporations and consumption
4. emphasis on choice
individual preference and identity vs. old way of fate and custom; illusion of freedom in choice
5. emphasis on individual over collective - 5Substructure/ Basesocial relations
and
material forces of production
(Marx believed these influenced the social superstructure) - 6superstructureReligion
Philosphy
Morality
Modes of thought
System of gov. & authority
(Hegel believed this influenced relations and base of society) - 7Social Relations of Production1. How property is hold
2. How laborers recruited/compensated
3. How workers surplus is controlled - 8Material forces of Production1. Human Resources (talent, skills, knowledge)
2. Available Technology
3. Raw materials / natural resources - 9Manifesto of the communist party-Marx & Engels
-all of history is based on class struggles
Socialism over Capitalism - 10Historical Materialism-changes over time in material conditions of a group's life (changes in how economy is organized) are associated w/ changes in social agreements (group ideas)
-Marx - 11Species being-our potential as a species can be realized through labor and creativity
-capitalism makes workers feel alienated from labor
-MARX - 12Class consciousnessan awareness of common identity based on one's class position
Marx - 13False consciousness-The ideas of the ruling class are the ruling ideas
-regarding the ideas of the ruling class to be natural
-prevents class consciousness from developing
Marx - 14Social factsDurkheim
Structures, norms, values, etc. that are external to and coercive of individuals; only aware of them when we violate them - 15Social currentsunorganized social facts
- 164 types of suicideDurkheim
1. Egoistc
2. Altruistic
3. Anomic
4. Fatalistic - 17Anomic Suicide-regulation is low
-economic depression, passions unregulated
-(GM workers, wall street, soldiers returning) - 18Fatalistic Suicide- regulation is high
-(prisoners, slaves) - 19Egoistc Suicide- integration is low
-feels not apart of society shut ins and outgroup - 20Altruistic Suicide- integration is high
-too much integration leads to forced suicides
- (cults,kamikazes, celebs, suicide bomber) - 21Mechanical Solidarity-Durkheim
-1 of 2 forums of social organization
-traditional and primitive
-all have similar social roles
-social cohesion
( common culture. morality)
-Repressive law
(punishment reflects social outrage) - 22Organic Solidarity-Durkheim
-1 of 2 forums of social organization
-modern
-division of labor and specialization
-social cohesion
(mutual interdependence)
Restitutive law- punishments are fees and imprisonment - 23Function of Crime-Durkheim
-Crime supports & reassure the social norms of a society by the fact that crime is considered going against the norm. - 24Double ConciousnessDU Bois
individual sensation of feeling as though your identity is divided into several parts, making it difficult or impossible to have one unified identity.
blacks to not only few themselves from their own unique perspective, but to also view themselves as they might be perceived by the outside (read: white) world. - 25White Privlliage-Booker T. Washington
-societal privileges that benefit people identified as white - 26Ideal types-Weber
-conduct of social science depends upon the construction of abstract, hypothetical concepts. - 27Asceticismself denial of in pursuit of religious value
- 28Calvinismemphasized pre-destination of salvation
- 29Protestant Work Ethicemphasizes that hard work, discipline and frugality are a result of a person's salvation
- 30characteristics of bureaucracy1. specialization/ division of labor
2. hierarchy of authority
3. written rules and regulations
4. employment depends on technical qualifications
5. Impersonalbility - 31types of rationality1. substantive
2. theoretical
3. Practical
4.Formal - 325 Elements of McDonaldization1.efficiency-choosing of means to reach a specific end rapidly, with the least amount of cost or effort.
2. calculability- mphasis on things that can be calculated, counted, quantified
3. predictability
4. control- jobs that use do not require humans to think , but rather follow instructions
5. irrationality of rationality
means that rational systems are unreasonable systems. By that I mean that they deny the basic humanity, the human reason, of the people who work within or are served by them. - 33Mcdonalization-the process by which the principles of the fast food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of society
- 34Practical rationality-focuses on outcomes
- 35Theoretical rationality-based on ideals
-not applicable to social action
-attempts to describe and make models - 36Formal Rationality-The of organizations and institutions like judicial system
-application of technical criteria to get ends by practical means - 37Substantive Rationality-Subject to values and ethical norms
- does not consider outcomes
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- Flashcards on Soc 488 exam 1, created by Aujanee Young on 14/02/2016.
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